Same-Sex Marriages Should NOT Be Allowed Essay - 717 Words

Allowing same-sex marriages would change the basic definition of marriage. Marriage is an important commitment of a man and a woman who contribute to civilization. Therefore, the loss of contributions due to someone’s sexual orientation should not be rewarded with a privilege such as marriage. Same-sex marriages affect many factors such as children, the concept of marriage, and humanity. However, it is not a misdemeanor to love somebody of the same gender but it can rigorously damage many aspects of life. In addition, same-sex marriages also can affect those who are raised by them as children. It was exposed that children raised by homosexual couples did worse than the offspring of heterosexual couples in nine of†¦show more content†¦Studies show that the idea that children raised by homosexuals are no different that those raised by a heterosexual couple is false. To sum up, the children experience different upbringings based on the couple raising them. Should not chi ldren have the same morals to abide by growing up? Based on the type of couple raising the child, they may have a different outlook on ideas than the one raised by the opposing type of couple. The concept of marriage is in danger of being misunderstood due to same-sex couples wanting to be married and acquire the same benefits as heterosexual marriages. The fundamental purpose of marriage is uniting a man and a woman in a worthy cause to preserve human civilization. If everyone was homosexual, then how could our species be repeatedly produced? This problem could end human existence. Besides, even those who are not homosexual have restrictions on marriage so they can not assume they are being discriminated upon. Restrictions are created to keep the balance and concept of the idea from being muddled. Their sexual orientation has nothing to do with why these rules were put into place. As a result, homosexual individuals have the right to marry along with everyone else as long as the re strictions are not crossed. All rights are equal among the people even when dealing with marriage. Just because somebody has differentShow MoreRelatedThe Rights Of Same Sex Marriages By John Baxter And Jeff Forshay Essay1765 Words   |  8 PagesJeff Forshay are at the forefront of a fight staged by gay and lesbian activists to get the government to permit same-sex marriages. Activists say this is just part of their hard-fought battle for public acceptance; the movement has gone on for at least twenty years. At the same time, remarkable transformations have changed the general makeup of the typical family in the United States: â€Å"[T]he traditional family model, . . . in which the father is the only breadwinner for his wife and their biologicalRead MoreThe Second Sex : The Fight Against Women s Oppression2230 Words   |  9 PagesSimone de Beauvoir â€Å"The Second Sex’: The Fight against Women’s Oppression Simone Lucie Ernestine Marie Bertrand de Beauvoir simply referred to as Simone de Beauvoir was a French intellectual, writer, political activist, existentialist philosopher, social theorist and feminist born in 1908. Often subscribed to the schools of Existentialism, French Feminism and Western Marxism, she did not regard herself as a philosopher even though she is heralded for her significant influence of feminist theoryRead MoreBlack Lesbian And Gay Families7002 Words   |  29 Pages Although marriage equality continues to be in the legislative and media spotlight, little attention has been placed on the significance of legalizing same sex marriage for Black families. This article will discuss the available research on Black lesbian and gay families, highlighting both the strengths and challenges these families negotiate. Focusing on the resources Black lesbian and gay families provide to the Black community, such as foster parenting and adopting Black children, mentoringRead MoreItalian Culture and Work Ethics6449 Words   |  26 PagesInnovation, Vol. 12, No. 4, 1999 583 Working Values and the Italian Family MASSIMO BELLOTTO and ALBERTO ZATTI A B S T R A C T History teaches us that it is through the family that new generations are equipped with ethics and values regarding work. The advent of bourgeois society, with its characteristic openness towards other social classes, appears to have relegated the promotion of working values by families to the background. This study sets out to test the hypothesis according to which theRead MoreIslamic Law and Human Trafficking in Saudi Arabia Essay3267 Words   |  14 Pagesattacks, Saudi Arabia has continued to work on a reform agenda to promote greater participation by Saudi citizens, a vibrant economy, and a civil society. However, many issues still plague the state. The blight of human trafficking, in forms of labor, sex, and other forms of trafficking, is of particular concern in Saudi Arabia. Some Western critics attribute this to the country’s legal system. Saudi Arabia is ruled under a system of Sharia, a body of Islamic law and a legal framework within whichRead MoreMonsanto: Better Living Through Genetic Engineering96204 Words   |  385 PagesSTUDIES A summary of the case analysis I N T R O D U C T I O N Preparing an effective case analysis: The full story Hearing with the aid of implanted technology: The case of Cochlearâ„ ¢ – an Australian C A S E O N E high-technology leader Delta Faucet: Global entrepreneurship in an emerging market C A S E T W O DaimlerChrysler: Corporate governance dynamics in a global company C A S E T H R E E Gunns and the greens: Governance issues in Tasmania C A S E F O U R Succeeding in the Sydney indie musicRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 Pagesand Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London, England W1T 4LP. Applications for the copyright holder’s written permission to reproduce any part of this publication should be addressed to the publisher Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier’s Science Technology Rights Department in Oxford, UK: phone: ( 44) 1865 843830, fax: ( 44) 1865 853333, e-mail: permissions@elsevier.co.uk. You may also complete yourRead MoreWalt Disney Case16863 Words   |  68 Pages9-701-035 REV: JULY 25, 2001 D MICHAEL G. RUKSTAD DAVID COLLIS O The Walt Disney Company: The Entertainment King I only hope that we never lose sight of one thing—that it was all started by a mouse. —Walt Disney The Walt Disney Company’s rebirth under Michael Eisner was widely considered to be one of the th great turnaround stories of the late 20 century. When Eisner arrived in 1984, Disney was languishing and had narrowly avoided takeover and dismemberment. By the end of 2000, howeverRead MoreChanging Attitude Towards Child Sex Preference11388 Words   |  46 Pages CHANGING ATTITUDE TOWARDS SEX PREFERENCE AS OLD AGE SECURITY AMONG NIGERIAN OLDER PERSONS BY AJIBOYE, OLANREWAJU EMMANUEL(Ph.D) Department of Sociology, Lagos State University, Ojo, Lagos. Abstract This paper focuses on the intensity of preference for sons over daughters in anticipation of old age security both physically and financially, and its impact on the care and support/ well-being of the elderly in Nigeria in general, and in particular among the Yoruba of Southwest. The paperRead MoreImpact of Science on Society38421 Words   |  154 PagesNational Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) in 1983, NASA and The College of William and Mary jointly sponsored a series of public lectures on the impact of science on society. These lectures were delivered by British historian James Burke, ABC T V science editor and reporter Jules Bergman, and scientist and science fiction writer Dr. Isaac Asimov. These authorities covered the impact of science on society from the time of man’sfirst significant scientific invention to that of expected future

The Lottery, By Shirley Jackson Essay - 1515 Words

In â€Å"The Lottery†, Shirley Jackson uses the death of Tessie Hutchison to show how the ideas of the Witch Trails still affects the rituals of a 20th century town. Jackson uses the small towns ritual and the death of a local woman to show how the ideas of the witch trails still affect modern communities, and how people are willing to blindly follow those of authority, no matter the consequence. Even though there is no mention of witches or the Witch Trails, there is enough background information on Jackson to provide sufficient evidence to assume that she based some of this story off the trails. Shirley Jackson was born in 1916 in California. She had a rough childhood full of criticism from her mother, which continued until the day she died. She got married to Stanley Hyman at 21. However; getting married didn’t help solve her anxiety at all. This marriage was not as beautiful as she expected, he constantly switched from being dismissive to being affectionate, and quite often sent her letters about the affairs he had. These experiences gave her inspiration to write horror, and psychological thrillers. She quickly became enthralled with witchcraft, and black magic. She was cleverly dubbed the â€Å"only contemporary writer who is also a practicing witch.† (Baker) And the associated press report stated â€Å"Miss Jackson writes not with a pen, but with a broomstick.† (Baker) She was also called this in her New York Times obituary. These accusations did not bother Jackson, she evenShow MoreRelatedThe Lottery, By Shirley Jackson1195 Words   |  5 PagesOn the surface, Shirley Jackson’s short story, â€Å"The Lottery,† reads as a work of horror. There is a village that holds an annual lottery where the winner is stoned to death so the village and its people could prosper. Some underlying themes include: the idea that faith and tradition are often followed blindly, and those who veer away from tradition are met with punishment, as well as the idea of a herd mentality and bystander apathy. What the author manages to do successfully is that she actuallyRead MoreThe Lottery by Shirley Jackson757 Words   |  4 Pagessucceed but many fail just like the main character Tessie Hutchinson in Shirley Jackson’s short story â€Å"The Lottery†. When someone hears the word â€Å"lottery†, he or she may think that someone will be rewarded with prize. But â€Å"The Lottery† By Shirley Jackson is different than what one thinks. In the story, a lottery is going to be conducted not like Mega Million or Powerba ll one play here. In the story, the person who wins the lottery is stoned to death instead of being rewarded with the prize. TessieRead MoreThe Lottery By Shirley Jackson931 Words   |  4 PagesIn 1948 Shirley Jackson composed the controversial short story â€Å"The Lottery.† Generally speaking, a title such as â€Å"The Lottery† is usually affiliated with an optimistic outlook. However, Jackson’s approach is quite unorthodox and will surely leave readers contemplating the intent of her content. The story exposes a crude, senseless lottery system in which random villagers are murdered amongst their peers. Essentially, the lottery system counteracts as a form of population control, but negatives easilyRead MoreThe Lottery By Shirley Jackson1504 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson In The Lottery Shirley Jackson fills her story with many literary elements to mask the evil. The story demonstrates how it is in human nature to blindly follow traditions. Even though some people have no idea why they follow these traditions. The title of the story plays a role in how Shirley Jackson used some literary elements to help mask the evils and develop the story. The title â€Å"The Lottery† serves as an allegory. When people think of the lottery majorityRead More`` The Lottery `` By Shirley Jackson894 Words   |  4 Pagesshort story â€Å"The Lottery†, author Shirley Jackson demonstrates Zimbardo’s concepts in three different areas: Authority figures, Tradition and Superstition, and Loyalty. The first concept Jackson portrays in â€Å"The Lottery† is the authority figures. Jackson indicates that the lottery is being held in the town center by one authority figure, Mr. Summers, annually on June 27th. Every June 27th, without fail, townspeople gather in the town square to participate in the annually lottery even though mostRead MoreThe Lottery, By Shirley Jackson1510 Words   |  7 PagesShirley Jackson’s â€Å"The Lottery† illustrates several aspects of the darker side of human nature. The townspeople in Jackson’s â€Å"The Lottery† unquestioningly adhere to a tradition which seems to have lost its relevance in their lives. The ritual that is the lottery shows how easily and willingly people will give up their free will and suspend their consciences to conform to tradition and people in authority. The same mindless complacency and obedience shown by the villagers in Jackson’s story are seenRead MoreThe Lottery By Shirley Jackson8 11 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Lottery† was published by Shirley Jackson. The story was true expression of Jackson’s genuine thoughts about human beings and their heinous competence in an annual village event for corn harvest . First, her used to word symbolized main point of the story. Second, Jackson was inspired by few historical events happened in the past and a life incident in her life. Lastly, She was able to accomplish the connection between historical and biographical with the story. Therefore, Shirley Jackson’sRead MoreThe Lottery By Shirley Jackson934 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson signifies the physical connection between the villagers and their unwillingness to give up their tradition. â€Å"The Lottery† is very unpredictable and quite misleading. The black box has no functionality, except every June 27th. Shirley Jackson depicts the black box as an important and traditional tool. Although the villagers in â€Å"The Lottery† are terrified of the goal of the lottery and the black box, they are unwilling to let go of the tradition. Shirley Jackson portraysRead MoreThe Lottery by Shirley Jackson799 Words   |  4 Pagesthe mood and to foreshadow of things to come. The Lottery by Shirley Jackson is a story in which the setting sets up the reader to think of positive outcomes. However, this description of the setting foreshadows exactly the opposite of what is to come. In addition, the theme that we learn of at the end leads us to think of where the sanity of some human beings lies. The story begins with the establishment of the setting. To begin, Shirley Jackson tells the reader what time of day and what time ofRead MoreThe Lottery by Shirley Jackson1764 Words   |  7 Pagesfilled with excitement and eeriness, leaving the reader speechless. The Lottery , a short story written by famous writer Shirley Jackson, created an uproar on June 26, 1948, when it was published in the magazine The New Yorker (Ball). The gothic thriller, set in an unknown time and place, shares the tradition of a small town, a little larger than three hundred people, in which a drawing is held once a year. In this â€Å"Lottery,† each family’s husband draws a slip of paper from a black box. The husband

Bell Rock Lighthouse Signal and Guide to Fishermen and Travelers Free Essays

I’ve always been interested with lighthouses even before I watched this documentary film that’s why it wasn’t hard or boring for me. I’ve always wanted to go to a lighthouse and see how it flashes lights towards the sea. It’s amazing how it saves many lives of people and even animals that live underwater. We will write a custom essay sample on Bell Rock Lighthouse: Signal and Guide to Fishermen and Travelers or any similar topic only for you Order Now I find it wonderful learning how to build a lighthouse, well, technically. This Bell Rock lighthouse was built in a rock, a very dangerous rock according to people who came across it. The man behind this rock, Robert Stevenson, built this rock between 1807 and 1810. And it’s amazing that this certain lighthouse still stand even to this day! Awesome, indeed! The history of Bell Rock was amusing and interesting as well in my opinion. How many ship wrecks had happened there before, I had no idea. Robert Stevenson, a man full of dreams, wanted to pursue building a lighthouse on Bell Rock. Although many people were against his plan, he stayed determined and thought of many ideas how to build a lighthouse without the waves crashing the base. That was one of the disadvantages since the lighthouse will be built in the sea. He based his idea to some already built lighthouses and hired almost sixty men to work on this project. They went to the sea, with a steady ship floating not so far away from the rock, they went with the ships to the rock and started digging for the base of the lighthouse. One thing I noticed about this story, the laborers were all religious men. They pray before and after working which is very admirable. The going back and forth routine has been a disadvantage to Stevenson as he were already behind time working with the base of the lighthouse. He decided, together with his men, to build a beacon in the rock which they can stay to. They started with the beacon not long. The question would be how long will it stay standing? Storms can sweep away the beacon and they were still behind schedule. Fortunately, there weren’t any super storms during the days they put the pieces one by one. The workers stayed loyal to Stevenson as he instructs them to do so. Of course, more dilemmas had befallen to Stevenson as his workers didn’t want to work during the Sabbath days. Some of them had lost faith to him and that made Stevenson’s task harder. They believed that doing work on a Sabbath is against God. It’s disrespectful and disloyalty. They continued working for him though despite the lack of faith. Another dilemma came, two of the men died (not consecutively) while working. Their bodies weren’t found at all. It diminished the worker’s self-esteem as they work with the lighthouse in the Bell Rock while still staying in the beacon. After all the difficulties relating to the building of the lighthouse in Bell Rock, they finished after three years with pure diligence and teamwork and of course, faith to God. However, Robert Stevenson, the man behind this magnificent project, had continued facing problems which seemed to be beyond his limit. Unfortunately, his twin and a daughter had died of whooping cough. That was the sad part here. If I were in his shoes, I’d probably die of depression. That was tough. But Stevenson was a tough man from the start. Even though he had a huge loss on his part, he still continued with the Bell Rock Lighthouse project. His work became his only focus. And after they finished it, it’s as if they have produced a work of nature. Something deeper in the lighthouse has touched many people’s lives. It was also considered as a tourist spot. Kudos to Stevenson for it! On the other hand, John Rennie, whom Stevenson had asked opinions about before, ranted that Stevenson didn’t deserve his popularity since he was the one who suggested about the curve base of the lighthouse which wasn’t true at all since Stevenson was there all the time and he based it through another’s work. A lighthouse serves as a signal, a guide to all the fishermen and to all the travelers using the sea as their way of commuting. It serves as guidance for everyone who wants to go home and take the right path. Same for what happened to Stevenson and what he had went through by building this lighthouse on a risky rock. How to cite Bell Rock Lighthouse: Signal and Guide to Fishermen and Travelers, Papers

Personal Views free essay sample

Our world is not a perfect world. Everywhere we turn is filled with corruption and deceit. This is opposed to God’s plan for our lives. That is one reason I attend a â€Å"Christian† school. I draw out â€Å"Christian† because over time I have found my school is no different than any other, except in academic ways. I attend [unnamed] Christian School. [unnamed] Christian School truly carries a great responsibility. We carry the name of God and claim to spread His name to whoever we may compete against. Unfortunately, I have noticed something disturbing about My school’s student body. No one is on fire for God. In fact, very few students are Christians at all. I do not say this out of my own judgmental view, for I am a sinner and have no right to judge. I say this out of the knowledge others have entrusted me with. Many students I have asked about their faith have flat out told me they were not Christians. We will write a custom essay sample on Personal Views or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When I asked why, they told me a simple reason, yet it is a crushing blow: they do not believe the Bible. The Bible is the unerring word of God, yet they do not believe. This presents a huge problem to the My school Bible curriculum. My school teaches class through a viewpoint in which each student knows the Bible and is a Christian. Sadly, this is not the case. My school has not given me any way to â€Å"combat† this. As a Christian, it is my job and my desire to spread God’s Word and His name. Unfortunately, I feel ill equipped to do so. What I learn in my Bible class may help me understand the context of the Bible, but it in no way helps me be an evangelist or even tell others about God. This is a rather large issue for a Christian school. We need to be equipped with the knowledge of how to combat the world’s evil and Satan’s temptation. We need to be shown how to love and strive for goodness. My pastor recently stated that when he gets frustrated, or someone is putting him down, he desires to do good. Comically, he stated, â€Å"as people keep putting me down, I’m just gonna keep getting gooder and gooder.† That is the attitude we as students need. From what I have seen and heard [insert college name] has students with that attitude. I wish to go to a school like that, and [insert college name] sounds perfect.

Journey To America Essays - Sonia Levitin, Book Of Ruth,

Journey To America Journey to America written by Sonia Levitin, is the one of the greatest books that was ever published. The book showed the how a family could survive in tough times, and yet survive to live great. The book is well written, well thought of and well done. The book is great to read and great to tell about, that why you're hearing it right now. Now listen now and think about reading it later... The book started in Germany where the Platt family was living and staring their quest out of the hellhole. During the starting it explains that the family tried to live in Brazil but didn't succeed so they returned back to Germany. About after that is where the book starts, and the family decides that the location is America and their new home. First their father " papa" leaves to America and advises that he will send for them. After about 4 days they receive a letter that he is ok. Then about after 2 weeks, he sends a letter that he got a job as a janitor, and tells them that the next letter is to leave Germany. Then after a week and a half, he sends instructions on their way to Zurich. Then the family leaves leaving their family behind. They get there and get the room where Papa said to stay, and there were a letter that explained how to get to America. Also telling them that a letter will come to go to the next point of the plan. Then they head to France, then Catch a boat and reach America where their father is waiting. The book was ravishing with important events, but there were 3. It was when their Papa leaves, when they leave Germany, and when they get to America. Though the ending was so predictable, it was that they get to America, and they finally see their father. The Main Character Lisa was changed a little bit because that she left her home and family/friends. Basically she left everything, and the reason was just to survive. Other people and other events changed the main character by Ruth telling her not to be honest just not to leave the camp to survive longer. Also by Mama teaching them that they have tot live poor but live. Lisa, during these times had to completely change. Lisa's traits are Caring, Loving, truthful, and strong (mentally). The Book had a unique place and time which was Germany during World War 1 because they were in Hitler's wrath. The setting of the Book made the book more exciting by the Nazis hating the Jews, and making life for the Jews extremely harsh. The setting made the Platt's flee Germany, and go to America where life would be more applicable. I think that the setting had a perfect role in the story because it was a survival book, where the family left to survive. I believe when Sonia Levitin wrote this book she intended that the theme of the book was survival. Survival was the theme of the book because it focussed on how the Platt's left Germany just to survive. The time was World War 1 and Jews were hated and the Platt's were Jews so the let to the land of the free. The book showed the reader how it was like to be a Jew in that time and place. I believe it must have been horrible for them how they had to leave everything, and start over. Other themes expressed by the Author was kindness and courage because they're were people that total didn't know them yet helped them, also how the Platt's started over. This is the good part in which you're done hearing about the book so you know now that it's a good book. Now you either have 2 choices either I keep on talking or you go and read the book. Read the book its good for you.

Free Essays on Reatlity TV And Sociological Theroy

In nearly all reality shows there is one constant theme that is prevalent, that theme is conflict. All the shows thrive upon it; it is what keeps the viewers coming back, and fuels plots. The majority of reality shows are cast with conflict in mind, they like to get people together that will have conflicting personalities. An example of this is the first season of the Apprentice (a show about making it in the business world) a character named Amerosa was cast that the producers knew would conflict with other cast members. Since conflict is so prevalent in the story line of reality TV it is only natural to look at if from a theoretical point of view. The best sociological theory to analyze this conflict is the social conflict theory. Social conflict theory’s basic idea is that conflict is natural and inevitable in all human interaction. Reality TV just simply puts people in situations where there is a higher chance for conflict therefore providing more entertainment to the viewer. In order for a society or a group to function under the social conflict frame of reference their needs to be conflict management. In reality TV the shows just try to lower that level of management. Take Survivor for instance, the whole premise of the show is to put the contestants in an environment that will test their survival skills, thus lowering the availability of useful conflict management. Just like real life whoever has better conflict management will usually win the game. A major point of social conflict theory states that the key to conflict is not how to avoid it but how to manage or resolve it. A show that demonstrates this at a micro level is The Amazing Race (a show is about couples’s racing around the globe to complete various tasks assigned to them). The reason this show demonstrates conflict theory at the micro level is because the winner of the game is normally the team that learns how to deal with and resolve the confli... Free Essays on Reatlity TV And Sociological Theroy Free Essays on Reatlity TV And Sociological Theroy In nearly all reality shows there is one constant theme that is prevalent, that theme is conflict. All the shows thrive upon it; it is what keeps the viewers coming back, and fuels plots. The majority of reality shows are cast with conflict in mind, they like to get people together that will have conflicting personalities. An example of this is the first season of the Apprentice (a show about making it in the business world) a character named Amerosa was cast that the producers knew would conflict with other cast members. Since conflict is so prevalent in the story line of reality TV it is only natural to look at if from a theoretical point of view. The best sociological theory to analyze this conflict is the social conflict theory. Social conflict theory’s basic idea is that conflict is natural and inevitable in all human interaction. Reality TV just simply puts people in situations where there is a higher chance for conflict therefore providing more entertainment to the viewer. In order for a society or a group to function under the social conflict frame of reference their needs to be conflict management. In reality TV the shows just try to lower that level of management. Take Survivor for instance, the whole premise of the show is to put the contestants in an environment that will test their survival skills, thus lowering the availability of useful conflict management. Just like real life whoever has better conflict management will usually win the game. A major point of social conflict theory states that the key to conflict is not how to avoid it but how to manage or resolve it. A show that demonstrates this at a micro level is The Amazing Race (a show is about couples’s racing around the globe to complete various tasks assigned to them). The reason this show demonstrates conflict theory at the micro level is because the winner of the game is normally the team that learns how to deal with and resolve the confli...

Impacts of the work conditions, job satisfaction, and retention Research Paper - 1

Impacts of the work conditions, job satisfaction, and retention outcomes in Nursing - Research Paper Example Satisfied nursing professionals exhibit higher work productivity, less absenteeism, efficient patient care process and improvement in the quality of health care due to reduction of medication errors. Hospital managers should ensure that nurses exercise their autonomy and also health professionals collaborate in order to enhance the patient care outcomes. Nurses play a critical role in determining the effectiveness and sustainability of the health care provision (Bae, 2008). It is vital for nurses to have good working conditions in order to perform their duties effectively. However, it is crucial also to understand what motivates nurses to exert additional efforts in their work. Unsupportive work environment is associated with subjective stress, anxiety, and hostility towards work thus hindering effective patient care. High job satisfaction is exhibited by a willingness to exert more efforts in the provision of patient care. Poor working conditions de-motivate the nurses thus leading to higher turnover (Jernigan, 2008). In addition, higher turnover negatively affects the health care quality thus ultimately leading to more patient falls and high disease incidents (Daly, Speedy & Jackson, 2004). Job dissatisfaction has consistently been cited as one of the contributing factors to high nurse turnover in many health facilities. Other outcomes of job dissatisfaction in the nursing profession include high absenteeism, low worker productivity, increased patient accidents and medication errors in the health facility (Daly, Speedy & Jackson, 2004). All these outcomes of job dissatisfaction impede the efficiency and effectiveness of nursing care delivery thus threatening the health care of patients. Job satisfaction encompasses the attitudes and emotions of the nurse towards their work. Some causes of job dissatisfaction include huge workloads, long working hours, low

Urban Health Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Urban Health - Essay Example The number of cases also exceeds to countries like Eritrea and Gambia (Abernethy 2013, n.p.).According to these mentioned statistics, tuberculosis is an urban health issue which has to be prevented. To elaborate on the effect of TB and why it has grown into an urban health issue, this study text will highlight the emerging TB issue in Europe, particularly the United Kingdom. The discussion will argue on the perspective that immigrant populations contribute to its increase, as is observed in the New Ham region of the London Borough. Tuberculosis in Newham is at an alarmingly high rate (Howes 2013, p.136). The following study text will critically examine the prevalence of tuberculosis within Newham in comparison to other boroughs within the UK. The paper will discuss the situation of the area of New Ham, East London and see that are the causes of increasing number of tuberculosis cases. In its conclusion, the study will also provide some potential recommendations to deal with the issue which will help in the fight against tuberculosis in the said region. According to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2014, n.p.),Tuberculosis is caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria. As is popularly known, it affects mostly the lungs and other organs such as the lymphatic system, the circulatory system and to an extent the central nervous system (NHS 2014, n.p.). The lymph nodes surrounding the lungs and heart become enlarged, as is the case with all other lymph nodes in an effort to curb the spread of the disease to the entire body (On Health 2014, n.p.). Upon realizing this threat, the body’s immune system reacts by forming scar fibrosis or tissue around the bacteria. If by any chance the bacteria bypass the fibrosis, the disease is reactivated and the pneumonia re-emerges. What follows is damage to bones, kidneys, and the meninges lining the brain and spinal cord. There are two categories of TB. Latent tuberculosis means that

Making Sense of DNA Backlogs. Evidence Backlog Epidemic Research Paper

Making Sense of DNA Backlogs. Evidence Backlog Epidemic - Research Paper Example Apart from the usual fingerprint analysis, the use of DNA evidence is employed in other relatable areas such as footwear evidence, accounting crimes, vein matching, glove-print analysis and body identification, among others. This means that the use of DNA evidence plays a pivotal role in crime scene investigations, analyzing trace evidence and skid marks. Nevertheless, despite the magnanimity that comes with the use of DNA evidence, the backlog epidemic that is constantly accosting it is undermining its usefulness. Several factors underpin the DNA evidence backlog, as shall be seen forthwith. The seriousness of the matter concerning DNA evidence backlog is compounded by the fact that cases are considered backlogged if 90 days elapse without the DNA evidence having been analyzed, or when the DNA evidence has not been subjected to analysis and the final report tabled before the agency that submitted the DNA evidence. Because of this, the DNA backlog can be split into: arrestee; casewor k; and convicted offender DNA backlog. The main cause of the buildup in coursework DNA backlog is the very nature of coursework DNA gathering exercise. Given that forensic evidence is herein gathered from crime scene, suspects and victims of crime before being taken to laboratory, processing this kind of evidence consumes time. This is because the evidence must be screened to establish the presence of biological materials. After the detecting the presence of biological material, the nature of the biological material must then be determined. Subsequently, the DNA testing begins. In the event that further complications are brought about by degrading and fragmenting of the DNA evidence from multiple victims or suspects, then more time will be required to solve the complication, and thereby making the process more protracted (Nelson, 2010). The foregoing is not the case with the arrestee and the convicted offender DNA which is less amenable to backlogs. This is because, in the arrestee and convicted offender DNA, there are identical media such as paper products which help in analyzing samples. At the same time, standardized collection methods are available to facilitate forensic laboratories to subject different samples to automated analysis at one go. Similarly, arrestee and convicted offender DNA evidence can be subjected to robotic platforms to process several score of samples in a 96-sample format. Additionally, unlike the case of casework DNA sample, the laboratory analyst needs not find the DNA sample amidst the evidence obtained. This means that the DNA evidence backlog

The General Information For Anti Globalization

The General Information For Anti Globalization Anti-Globalization was defended as a belief shared by various political groups that people must oppose globalization (=the process of making something such as a business operate in different countries around the world) because of bad effects it has on people, especially in developing countries, and because of the damage it does to the environment the Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English Advanced Learners. Almost the anti-globalization activities are spontaneous, the people whose benefit was affected stood up then performed the anti-globalization activities such as demonstration, ask for relieveà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ In fact, the activities which are opposite to globalization can be divided into 2 groups: Anti-Globalization and Alter-Globalization. The anti-globalization group directly opposes to the globalization activities; they think that the movement of people over the frontier must be controlled strictly; explorer other countrys natural resources and human resources are not permitted. This group argued that biodiversity and natural resources can be damaged permanently; and mainly call for democratic representation, advancement of human rights and more egalitarian states. The targets of this group are the World Bank (WB), International Monetary Fund (IMF), the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the World Trade Organization (WTO) and free trade treaties like the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA), the Multilateral Agreement on Investment (MAI) and the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS). Alter-globalization is the name of a social movement that supports global cooperation and interaction, but which opposes the negative effects of economic globalization, feeling that it often works to the detriment of, or does not adequately promote, human values such as environmental and climate protection, economic justice, labor protection, protection of indigenous cultures and human rights. Wikipedia The different between anti-globalization and alter-globalization is anti-globalization against any kinds of globalization but the alter-globalization just mentioned about human rights, the environment, national sovereignty, and cultural diversity and so on. There are 2 popular forums for anti globalization: World Social Forum and World Economic Forum. Chapter 2: Why anti-globalization still exist? To analyst the reverses of globalization, we focus on three objects that the globalization affected to: local companies, local population, and the local economic. Firstly, the local firms: When the nation open to globalization too soon, and too sudden, the local firms had not prepare enough to face with the competitive of over sea corporations will go to bankruptcy easily. It is easy to find the example for Chuong Duong company Secondly, the local population: If the globalization incurred, local firms go bankrupt will cause the unemployment, the new organizations which had not established enough yet can not hired these new unemployees, this cause the high unemployment rate. This is the main reason for indigent at Africa. Disease can move from country to country very fast because the people can travel to other countries by air, by bus, trains or other transportation in the short time. This cause the diseases spread very fast and became the reason of thousand cases of dead at 2006 for bird flu from Indonesia and spread to other countries, 774 cases for SARS in 2003 at China and other East Asia countries, millions people dead because AIDSà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Brain drain: talent will go out of the poor countries to the richers. This situation can be seen much at Africa, India and many poor countries all over the world. These countries finance to these students to go over sea study but they have never come back after graduated. Income distribution: Thirdly: local economic: The economic can not stable: when the nation join to the worlds market, it will be easy affect by the world situation, let came back to the crisis at 1997, the economic of the world had been affected. The developed countries force the developing countries to reduce trade barrier but they keep for themselves by hamper the developing countries to export agriculture products which are very important for they to receive foreign currency earning. If the nation opens the market too soon, sooner than establishing of the local organizations, the creating new jobs will less than the loss. The export of this nation will not develop, the import infringe instead, deficit become serious day after day. This nation will poorer and poorer. Finally: the local society: The develop countries will export the pollution to the developing and undeveloped countries by invest the pollution goods industries, second hand goodsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ to these countries. Chapter 3: Advantages and disadvantages of anti- globalization: Advantages: Anti-globalization can warn to the world the significant problems of the world such as warming of the earth, pollution, forest destroy, greenhouse affect, and so on. So that the governments and organizations can perform the actions to reduce these affects. Pollution: as many countries Racial discrimination: Sex discrimination: The war at Iraq and others To disclosure the truth that have never disclosure themselves of IMF, WB, WTOà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Anti-globalization also calls for help the world: when the actives raise the problems, the people all over the world can catch them then they may perform some activities to solve these problems. Disadvantages: The demonstrations affected to social securities, many people die due to the extremist actions of the demonstration activities. The governments also have to perform many actions to control these extremist activities. The power of the voice of the anti-globalization still weak, the persuade ability of this organization also weak, can not appeal large group of people to do things, almost the activist just stand alone or just at a small group. The anti-globalization are always action without organization, they just a group of people who were hurt by the activities of one organization then stand up and perform anti actions. Lack of evidence: Lack of effective: Chapter 4: The anti-globalization activities at Vietnam: In general, the anti-globalization activities of Vietnam are not many. This is because Vietnam performs globalization too late. After 30 Apr 1975, Vietnam was achieved to be an independence country. Almost people agreed that during ten years after the independence date was the black period of Vietnam economic. Almost activities become stagnation; famine incur in many areas event at Mekong delta which was the biggest farm in the country; education, health care and other social welfare were totally ignored. The globalization of Vietnam begins at 1986 with the open market policy name socialist-oriented market economy. Thank to this policy, the economic of Vietnam reversed, farmers got his own land (event in temporary) for manufacturing and alive. Up to Dec 2001, US-Vietnam Bilateral Agreement was signed; this is the very important step for recover the economic and became the first step to join into World Trade Organization (WTO). These are just some activities at Vietnam for this event: to strike for higher rate of pay in the industrial zone Binh Duong province and Bien Hoa city at 2008 for some Taiwan firms; Conclusion: According to Yin Yang theory of Chinese, every thing has 2 faces: positive and negative, the existing of anti-globalization also belongs to this theory, anti-globalization will exist parallel with globalization, this also the rules of the existing: opposition to develop, and develop must contain opposition. Einstein also issued the theory for relative: every thing

A Room of Ones Own by Virginia Woolf Essay -- Virginia Woolf Essays

Virginia Woolf, a founder of Modernism, is one of the most important woman writers. Her essays and novels provide an insight into her life experiences and those of women of the 20th century. Her most famous works include Mrs. Dalloway (1925), To the Lighthouse (1927), Orlando: A Biography (1928), The Waves (1931), and A Room of One's Own (1929) (Roseman 11). A Room of One's Own is an based on Woolf's lectures at a women's college at Cambridge University in 1928. Woolf bases her thoughts on "the question of women and fiction". In the essay, Woolf asks herself the question if a woman could create art that compares to the quality of Shakespeare. Therefore, she examines women's historical experience and the struggle of the woman artist. A Room of One's Own explores the history of women in literature through an investigation of the social and material conditions required for writing. Leisure time, privacy, and financial independence, are important to understanding the situation of women in the literary tradition because women, historically, have been deprived of those basics (Roseman 14). The setting of A Room of One's Own is that Woolf has been invited to lecture on the topic of Women and Fiction. Her thesis is that "a woman must have money and a room of her own if she is to write fiction (Woolf 4)." She creates the character of an imaginary narrator, "call me Mary Beton, Mary Seton, Mary Carmichael or by any name you please, it is not a matter of any importance." The "I" who narrates the story is not Woolf, yet her experiences and thoughts provide the background for Woolf's thesis. The narrator begins her search going over the different educational experiences available to men and women and the more material ... ...s, 1882-1942. v.: ill.; 28 cm. Semiannual. Issue no. 33, 32, 1989. Vol. 1, no. 1, 1973; no.2, 1974. California State College, Sonoma, Dept. of English. Roseman, Ellen. A Room of One's Own: Women Writers and the Politics of Creativity. Twayne Publishing, Inc., New York, 1995. Woolf, Virginia. A Room of One's Own. Orlando: Harcourt, 2005. Print. Internet Sources Consulted Brooks, Rebecca B. â€Å"Timeline of Virginia Woolf’s Life.† The Virginia Woolf Blog. N.p., 19 Feb. 2012. Web. 14 Apr. 2015. . Burt, John. â€Å"Irreconcilable Habits of Thought in A Room of One’s Own and to The Lighthouse.† ELH 49.4 (1982): 889-907. JSTOR. Web. 14 Apr. 2015. Rodriguez, Lara Ma Lojo. â€Å""A New Tradition†: Virginia Woolf and the Personal Essay.â€Å"Atlantis 23.1 (2001): 75-90. JSTOR. Web. 14 Apr. 2015.

Expedia Market Research

I'd recommend Expedite to give me some kind of suggestion on what we could write about because l, personally, had a hard time reminding myself what to write in this section. The last part of this survey Is called Add the Finishing Touches†, which is another qualitative part of this survey. This is my favorite part of the survey because It asks me very specific questions, for example, what were you favorite and least favorite things about the hotel?It really gives me the chance to express both my strongest positive and negative opinions regarding my stay in the hotel. This survey Isn't too short or long, and I feel like this is a good length for a survey especially when It Is divided Into 3 parts, which somehow make me feel like there are not as many questions as it appears to have. Also, the questions were worded clearly In the more specific questions, and the general questions also give me a chance to put open- ended feedbacks.Another thing I really like about this survey Is t hat a lot of parts of It Is stated as â€Å"optional†, so I can Just fill out the parts that I wish to, and still be able to submit It online, while some other surveys often require me to fill out the whole thing even when I don't have much feedback for certain section. Personally, I was really motivated to complete this survey for two mall reasons. First, I am the kind of person that really go through a lot f reviews on hotel website before deciding on which hotel to book, and customer reviews are generally my mall decision factor on booking hotels.Second, I had a very strong negative opinion regarding my hotel stay. With the lack of rewards Involved, I would assume people who don't put much emphasis on reading reviews or don't have a strong feeling, either positive or negative, on their hotel stay experience won't be motivated to complete this survey. I would recommend Expedite to add In some kind of reward In the completion of this survey, for example, to have a chance to win Expedite credit If one completes this survey. Expedite Market Research By ruby reminding myself what to write in this section.The last part of this survey is called my favorite part of the survey because it asks me very specific questions, for example, stay in the hotel. This survey isn't too short or long, and I feel like this is a good length for a survey especially when it is divided into 3 parts, which somehow make questions were worded clearly in the more specific questions, and the general like about this survey is that a lot of parts of it is stated as â€Å"optional†, so I can Just fill out the parts that I wish to, and still be able to submit it online, while some other river for two main reasons.First, I am the kind of person that really go through a lot reviews are generally my main decision factor on booking hotels. Second, I had a very strong negative opinion regarding my hotel stay. With the lack of rewards involved, I would assume people who don't put much emphasis on reading reviews or don't have a strong feeling, either positive or negative, on their hotel stay experience won't be motivated to complete this survey. I would recommend Expedite to add in some kind of reward in the completion of this survey, for example, to have a chance to win Expedite credit if one completes this survey.

Organisational Behavioral Disciplines Essay

Before we start, we must first understand what Organizational Behaviour is. Organizational Behaviour is a field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, group dynamics, and structure have on behaviour within the organizations and its effective use for the purpose of such knowledge towards improving its performance.A multidisciplinary field devoted to understanding individual and group behavior, interpersonal processes, and organizational dynamics. . Organizational behavior is built upon contributions from a number of behavioral disciplines/sciences, this is too understand, manage and predict effectively in a work environment. The first in psychology, sociology, social psychology, anthropology, and political science. Psychology is the science that seeks to measure, explain, and sometimes change the behavior of humans. It is used to improve organizational effectiveness and the work of individual in the organization. This is the learning, perceptions, personality, emotions, training, leadership effectiveness, decision–making, fatigue, boredom, and other factors relevant to working conditions that could impede efficient work performance. More recently, their contributions have been expanded to include, job satisfaction, decision-making processes, performance appraisals, attitude measurement, employee selection techniques, work design, and job stress. Sociology; Sociology studies people in relation to their fellow human beings to improve organizational performance. Some of the areas within Organizational behaviour that have received valuable input from sociologists are group dynamics, design of work teams, organizational culture, formal organization theory and structure, organizational technology, communications, power, and conflict. Social psychology Social psychology blends concepts from both psychology and sociology. It focuses on the influence of the people on one another. One of the major areas under considerable investigation by social psychologists has been, how to implement it and how to reduce barriers to its acceptance. Yet we find social psychologists making significant contributions in the areas of measuring, understanding, and changing attitudes, communication patterns, building trust, the way in which group activities can satisfy individual needs, and group decision-making process. Anthropology Anthropology is the study of societies to learn about human beings and their activities. For instance, anthropologists’ work on cultures and environments has helped us understand differences in fundamental values, attitudes, and behaviour between people in different countries and within different organizations. Much of our current understanding of organizational culture, organizational environments, and differences between national cultures is the result of the work of anthropologists or those using their methods. Political Science Political science studies the behaviour of individuals and groups within a political environment. Specific topics of concern here include the structuring of conflict, allocation of power, and how people manipulate power for individual self-interest. Challenges in Organizational behaviour Similar to the evolution of man and its environment there has been a substantial change in the approach for better productivity within an organization through the brainstorming efforts applied by a business executive /entrepreneur. Understanding organizational behaviour within a corporation and particularly the factors influencing the organizational behaviour of a single entity has become the key to the success of any organization. There is no one single approach to organizational behaviour which is best for all organizations; instead, organizations/companies or businesses must evolve the system which works best for them with the help of effective planning and technological support which changes over time as their current work environment and the individuals within that current work environment similarly. They are seven organizational behaviour current work challenges I have noted: I.One of the major current work challenges of organizational behaviour is finding ways to motivate employees as a way to improve activity. Some of the ways organizations improve productivity within the organization is to empower the employees. When organizations and businesses empower its employees, it gives them a sense of loyalty to the company because they feel like they are part of the success of the business. II.Second of the challenges of organizational behaviour is hiring the right employees for the company. Hiring the right employees for the organization is not only about finding the people with the skills and knowledge that the position requires, but also employees that fit into the organizational culture or can help to improve employee relations. For example, it can be de-motivating to employees if upper management is not open to progressive thoughts and actions that can move the business forward. Hiring a progressive and forward thinking executive manager who also has the experience and knowledge can help to give the employees a new outlook on the company. III.Third of the main challenges of organizational behaviour is how to run a productive organization but also show its employees that it cares about them as well. In other words, it is about helping employees find the right work-life balance. For example, a company that provides an on-site clinic center as an employee benefit or at a reduced cost is one way for the company to show that it cares about its employees both professionally and personally. This can lead to the employees contributing to organizational behaviour and culture in a positive manner. IV.Another example in challenges of organizational behaviour is overcoming ethnic and cultural diversity among employees. Because different employees have different beliefs, opinions and ways of working, it can be challenging for employees to work together because of these differences. Some organizations choose to offer diversity training courses or workshops to help overcome these issues. The point is to illuminate how the diversity of an organization actually makes it better for the different benefits that each of the employees bring to the table. V.It is easy for corporate scandals to reach the public within a short time. Organizations often have policies that facilitate ethical behaviour within the workplace. The challenge for managers is to promote an ethical organizational behaviour and culture such that employees will not put their individual interests ahead of organizational interests. Personal interest is an aspect of organizational behaviour and managers face the task of encouraging group interest over personal interest so as to preserve ethical values. VI.Last but not least, Individual employee problems can be personality conflicts, supervisor issues, personal trauma or company structure oriented. Organizations must learn the cause of the problem and who or what keeps â€Å"fuelling the fire.† If there is no clear trigger, the answer could fall back to insufficient or confusing communications. For example, an employee in a decentralized organization may feel they must answer to multiple supervisors if the chain of command is not communicated clearly. VII.Finally, Information technology plays an integral role in workplace communication. Additionally, workplace communication also influences how people and groups behave in the organization. Although technology brings with it efficiency in collating and disseminating knowledge, it can also alienate individuals such as the elderly within the organization. The challenge here is in finding ways in which technology promotes organizational communication and inclusion rather than exclusion and discrimination. Conclusion Various challenges confront organizations within the context of organizational behaviour. With new challenges arising every day, there’s a need for adaptation in the current work environment. With the use of technology and team building tasks, one can achieve a good working environment leading to a motivated and sustained work force.

Free Essays on McDonalization

McDonald’s is a huge fast-food restaurant chain that you can find all over the world. You can go to China or to Europe no matter where you are at you will be able to find a McDonald’s. McDonald’s is not just a fast food restaurant in the United States, but it is more a symbol of our way of life. ...McDonaldization,...is the process by which the principles of the fast-food restaurant are coming to dominate more and more sectors of American society as well as of the rest of the world. (Ritzer 1993) The central concepts employed in the fast-food industry have spread to all types of restaurants. Everything from pizza to lobster, from ice cream to bread, from alcohol to fried chicken is dominated by the chain mentality. It’s not only the food industry that represents this process of McDonalization. Toy stores (Toys R’ Us), bookstores (Barnes and Noble), newspapers (USA Today), and learning (Sylvan Learning Centers) have all followed this process. All these developments have four things in common according to George Ritzer (1993) efficiency, calculability, uniformity and predictability, and control through automation. Efficiency means the choosing of means to reach a specific end rapidly, with the least amount of cost or effort. The idea of efficiency is specific to the interests of the industry or business, but is typically advertised as a benefit to the customer. There are plenty of examples drive up windows, ATMs, self-service gas pumps, and even scanning our own groceries. Efficiency is the central way of our life, and we think that if it is done quickly that makes the changes positive. â€Å"Calculability involves an emphasis on things that can be calculated, counted, quantified. Quantification refers to a tendency to emphasize quantity rather than quality. This leads to a sense that quality is equal to certain, usually (but not always) large quantities of things." (Ritzer 1994)† This includes such things as th... Free Essays on McDonalization Free Essays on McDonalization McDonald’s is a huge fast-food restaurant chain that you can find all over the world. You can go to China or to Europe no matter where you are at you will be able to find a McDonald’s. McDonald’s is not just a fast food restaurant in the United States, but it is more a symbol of our way of life. ...McDonaldization,...is the process by which the principles of the fast-food restaurant are coming to dominate more and more sectors of American society as well as of the rest of the world. (Ritzer 1993) The central concepts employed in the fast-food industry have spread to all types of restaurants. Everything from pizza to lobster, from ice cream to bread, from alcohol to fried chicken is dominated by the chain mentality. It’s not only the food industry that represents this process of McDonalization. Toy stores (Toys R’ Us), bookstores (Barnes and Noble), newspapers (USA Today), and learning (Sylvan Learning Centers) have all followed this process. All these developments have four things in common according to George Ritzer (1993) efficiency, calculability, uniformity and predictability, and control through automation. Efficiency means the choosing of means to reach a specific end rapidly, with the least amount of cost or effort. The idea of efficiency is specific to the interests of the industry or business, but is typically advertised as a benefit to the customer. There are plenty of examples drive up windows, ATMs, self-service gas pumps, and even scanning our own groceries. Efficiency is the central way of our life, and we think that if it is done quickly that makes the changes positive. â€Å"Calculability involves an emphasis on things that can be calculated, counted, quantified. Quantification refers to a tendency to emphasize quantity rather than quality. This leads to a sense that quality is equal to certain, usually (but not always) large quantities of things." (Ritzer 1994)† This includes such things as th...

Law of International Carriage of Goods by Sea Essay

Law of International Carriage of Goods by Sea - Essay Example Janet’s rights and TC’s obligations will be construed by reference to the Contracts (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999. The 1999 Act is specifically designed to protect the rights of third parties to a contract by conferring on that third party certain enforceable rights.2 The Sale of Goods Act 1979 will also apply to Janet’s case. The facts of the case for discussion reveal that Susan contracted with TC by virtue of a voyage charter for the delivery of a consignment of Russian Flagship Vodka from Russia to London. The contract incorporated the Hague-Visby Rules and contained a clause against deviation from the voyage unless it was a matter of life or death. The no-deviation clause however, did not appear in the bills of lading. In any event Susan made it clear to TC that it was imperative that the consignment of vodka arrive in London as quickly as possible since she wanted to benefit from the upcoming vodka drinking summer season. This the understanding between the parties to the contract for the shipment of Vodka from Russia to the UK. The fact that a no deviation clause does not appear on the bills of lading will not function to relieve TC of an obligation to adhere to the no deviation clause in the primary contract for the transhipment of the vodka. Article III(3) of the Hague-Visby Rules delineates the primary function of the bills of lading.3 The bills of lading will generally be useful for identifying and reconciling the goods delivered with the goods dispatched. As a result the bills of lading will describe the markings and stamps on the goods at the time of loading as well as the number of â€Å"packages, or the quantity or weight† of the goods at that particular time and the â€Å"apparent order and condition of the goods.†4 Moreover, the requirement of due diligence as contained in Article III(1) of the Hague-Visby Rules can be interpreted to include a duty of no

Evaluate the current uses of 3D printing. Discuss the potential future Essay - 3

Evaluate the current uses of 3D printing. Discuss the potential future of 3D printing based on current issues identified in the literature - Essay Example e that people will have the ability to print their desired objects, if not from the comfort of their homes, then from places nearest them such as from street shops and offices. This revolution will create huge economic and societal benefits, if the challenges surrounding the ideas were addressed. THESIS: While critically evaluating the current state of 3D printing and its future, this essay will address the challenges the idea faces and it’s potential in revolutionizing lives if these challenges are addressed. 3D printing is a manufacturing process that builds objects based on a layer-by-layer model with the help of cross-sectional slices. They use the traditional laser or ink jet printers to pour liquid plastic to an already created digital object on a computer to make the final object. However, instead of using the multi-cultured ink, 3D printer uses powder, which when piled together in form of layers creates an object (Bak, 2003). There are speculations that when more user-friendly robotic makers hit the market, more people will buy them. 4. Apparel manufacturing has also embraced 3D printing, with fashion designers using the technology to design bikinis, shoes, and dresses. For instance, Nike used 3D to prototype and manufacture shoes for the 2012 Vapor Laser Talon football shoes used by players in the American football league. Some companies are also using 3D printing to design eyewear for customers on demand (Urry & Birtchnell, 2013). 5. The automobile industry has also embraced the use of the technology, with car manufacturers using 3D printing to manufacture various car parts. Among these, include the side mirror internals, air ducts, exhaust components, as well as turbo charger components. 6. The construction industry has also embraced the concept as architects now print prototypes of buildings for their clients’ representative of the real buildings. Because customers want to see the actual building on air before the actual construction, then such

Introduction to Financial Accounting Research Paper

Introduction to Financial Accounting - Research Paper Example Amount Opening capital 58630 Add: Net profit 38565 Less: drawing (-)24700 Bank overdraft Creditors o/s security guard wages 400 o/s telephone and e-mail 200 o/s website maintenance expenses 375 72495 2380 19670 975 95520 Debtors Cash in hand Freehold premises 60000 Less: depreciation(new) -(3000) Less: depreciation(old) - (18000) Safe 12000 Less: depreciation(new) -(2880) Less: depreciation(old) -(4800) Shop fitting 34000 Less: depreciation(new) -(3400) Less: depreciation(old) -(10200) Closing stock3400 520 390004320 20400 2788095520 Adjustment entries: (1) O/S Security guard wages 400 should be added in the liabilities side. (2) O/S Telephone and e-mail 200 should be added in the liabilities side. (3) 900*5/12= 375 is O/S of the website maintenance expenses should be added in the liabilities side. (4) 60000/20 years= 3000 for year should be deducted as new depreciation and old depreciation should be Deducted from actual cost, therefore 60000- 18000(old) - 3000(new) = 39000. (5) 12000-4800(old) =7200(new depreciation) 2880= 4320.... Coming to the next concern that, the value for your premises seems very low, though you paid more than that of them because the old depreciation is more than the new calculated premises. As we can see it separately below the balance sheet and on the balance sheet, this comes under the Asset side in the Balance Sheet and the new calculated and paid depreciation is very less that the previously calculated and paid one. Therefore, more cost was been paid earlier, which if alone calculated will be very high, that is why the value shown for your premises now are very low. As you have said that, you took  £24700 out of the business for your own personal consumption, this comes on the debit side of trading account as owner’s drawings and subtracted under the liabilities side in the balance sheet. As we know that the owner’s drawing is subtracted from the sum of net profit and opening Capital, and as the amount is not been returned, though it is taken from the profit of the business it is subtracted. In addition, counted as neither a loss or bad debt or a profit and this is why is cannot be written, calculate or charged under the profit statement. The distinction between the fixed asset and the current asset is, fixed asset is been defined as that asset which is been acquired for relatively long periods for carrying on the business of the enterprises. They are not been meant for resale. Land and building, machinery, furniture are some of the important examples of fixed Assets. Sometimes the term â€Å"Block Capital† is also been used for these terms.

Tiger Energy Drink Marketin Plan Essay Example for Free

Tiger Energy Drink Marketin Plan Essay 1. 0. Executive Summary Tiger Energy Drink offers their consumers â€Å"a unique product endowed with different usage alternatives† providing a beverage focused on positive effects of an energy drink and guarana with an amazing sweet taste. Tiger Energy Drink is an alternative to tea and coffee and can be consumed cold or hot depending on the preference. It has a very sweet taste -not too much intense- and can be consumed as a regular beverage. Tiger is positioned itself as an alternative to coffee since it offers a great variety of caffeine (guarana) and other energy drink since it offers different flavors. Guarana, the main ingredient of the Tiger energy drink, has a cognitive effect. A 2007 human pilot study assessed acute behavioral effects to four doses (37. 5 mg, 75 mg, 150 mg and 300 mg) of guarana extract. Memory, alertness and mood were increased by the two lower doses, confirming previous results of cognitive improvement following 75 mg guarana. Some research also shows that Guarana has antioxidant and antibacterial effects, and also fat cell reduction. The target audience is working class and is primarily males and females between 25 – 40 ages. The majority consumer group of Tiger Energy Drink includes white-collar workers who spend long hours in office, working parents and young adults. 2. 0. Situation Analysis Tiger, founded 6 months ago by 2 entrepreneurs, is about to enter the competitive energy drinks market in Turkey. Although Energy Drinks market is considerably small, its annual growth rate is around 30% and the market is the most profitable segment of the non-alcoholic beverages market. The existence of big players and many cheaper outlier products will make it difficult for Tiger to establish a strong brand and market share in the short term. In order to do that, Tiger will differenciate in product flavors, hot or cold use opportunities and varied serving sizes. Of course, careful targeting of specific segments and supporting marketing activities will be the key to success. 2. 1. Market Summary Energy Drink market in Turkey consists of 0,35% of the whole non-alcoholic beverage market in terms of the market volume. The total volume of non-alcoholic beverages in Turkey is 7,2 billion liters, whereas Energy Drink’s volume is 25,5 million liters. On the other hand, when the market value is taken into consideration, Energy Drink market gets 3,5% of the whole non-alcoholic beverages market. The value of the whole non-alcoholic drinks market is 8,5 billion TL, and Energy Drinks’ share is 298 million TL. While the average value per liter in non-alcoholic beverages market is 1,18 TL, The same ratio becomes 11,66 TL in case of Energy Drinks. Therefore, it can clearly be seen that this segment is quite lucrative and profitable. The sub-markets, from the biggest to smallest, are water, tea, carbonated drinks, non-carbonated drinks (e. g. ice tea) and coffee markets. Although, its size is small, Energy Drink market has a steady 30% annual growth rate. Energy Drink consumers are usually in the 25-40 age range, upper income level white collar people. However, cheaper products were able to penetrate low and mid income level segments too. These include truck drivers and blue collar workers. Energy Drinks are consumed in many different occasions. The need of concentration and productivity defines their daytime use whereas the need of fun and high energy defines their nighttime use. The table below shows how Tiger addresses the basic needs of its targeted segments. Targeted Segment| Customer Need| Corresponding Feature/Benefit/Product| All Segments| Wake-up in the morning| Tea flavored, hot or cold consumption optioned Tiger (B vitamins and thein)| Students Professionals| Concentration and Productivity in daytime and work activities| Orange, Melon or Tropical Mix Tiger drinks (Guarana)| | Fun and High Energy in nighttime activities| Orange, Melon or Tropical Mix Tiger drinks (Guarana, Ginseng, Taurin)| 2. 2. SWOT Analysis Tiger has several strengths which do not exist in Turkish market. However, lack of brand awareness and image is the most important weakness. The fact that the competition is well established could be identified as the strongest threat. Finally, the fast growing and profitable structure of the energy drink market would be the biggest opportunity. 2. 2. 1. Strengths Tiger has a number of important strengths 1. Innovative Product: The product has 3 different and well liked flavors which can be consumed without mixing with any other beverage. Alternatively, those flavors of Melon, Orange and Tropical Mix are suited to mix with many different alcoholic beverages. Finally the tea flavored, hot or cold consumption optioned, 4th variation is the revolutionary energy drink product. With its unmatched and tailor-made for Turkish taste tea flavor; this energy drink can be consumed even in breakfast. Its ability to be consumed as a hot drink is also revolutionary. 2. Pricing: Tiger offers excellent quality with better pricing than its 2 major competitors, Red Bull and Burn 3. Product Ingredients: Tiger’s excellent combination of Guarana and Ginseng causes great focus, improved memory and higher productivity. Furthermore, the Thein in tea-flavored variation invokes additional alertness, especially required in the morning. 4. Serving Sizes: Unlike its competitors, Tiger will have 350 ml cans for Orange, Melon Tropical Mix flavors and 75 ml cans for tea flavored variation as well as the conventional 250 ml cans. 2. 2. 2. Weaknesses 1. Lack of Brand Awareness: Tiger does not have an established brand awareness and image. On the other side, Red Bull, Burn and other competitors have strong brand images. This issue will be dealt with aggressive promotion activities. 2. 2. 3. Opportunities 1. Growing and Profitable Market: The Energy Drink market grows around 30% annually. Furthermore, that sub category of the non-alcoholic beverages market has the highest profitability. 2. Demographics: Turkey’s population is younger compared with European and U. S markets. Therefore, target market size is lucratively big. 2. 2. 4. Threats 1. Competition: The competition in Turkey is well established. Red Bull and Burn share the upper segment of the market with almost 65% of the market value in total. With the addition of smaller and cheaper products, there are around 40 different brands in Turkey. In sum, Turkish Energy Drink market is highly competitive. 2. Energy Drinks’ image: Energy drinks are still seen as unhealthy and unnatural. In 2001, Red Bull was banned in Turkish market due to excessive caffeine content. Red Bull’s caffeine content is 400 mg per liter, whereas Turkish regulations did not permit higher than 150 mg at that time. However in 2004, Turkish Food Codex has been updated according to European Union standards and Red Bull’s ban had been revoked. Additionally, some fatalities occurred after excessive alcohol consumption and it was said that energy drinks were also involved and they would cause death when mixed with alcohol. These incidents along with the banning history of Red Bull strengthened the â€Å"unnatural and unhealthy† image of the Energy Drinks. 2. 3. Competition 2. 4. Product Offering 2. 5. Distribution 3. 0. Marketing Strategy 1. The main marketing strategy is to emphasize Tiger’s distinctive taste, different usage opportunities and size can. The taste is not too intense but very enjoyable with three different flavor. The product has 3 different and well liked flavors which can be consumed without mixing with any other beverage. Alternatively, those flavors of Melon, Orange and Tropical Mix are suited to mix with many different alcoholic beverages. The tea flavored, hot or cold consumption optioned will be an innovative energy drink. The size also provides a longer lasting boost of energy and cognition and production capability which led to the brand â€Å"Stay focused† slogan. 3. 1. Marketing Objectives Since we are completely a new brand we have set realist but achievable objectives for the for the first and second years of market entry First year objectives: In 2012, the total volume of energy drink will be theoretically 33 million liter if we take the consideration of the growth rate and last year wasted volume. We are planning to get a 5 percent share of the Turkish energy drink market through unit sales volume of approximately 5. 000. 000. We have to achieve a steady increase in market penetration. The primary goal is to build and increase both awareness and brand loyalty for Voltro among upper-income professional age 25 – 40. Second year objectives: In second year the main objective is to increase market share from 5 to 8 percent. We are planning to achieve break-even and start to get profit on our third year in business. 3. 2. Financial Objectives. Energy drinks are most profitable beverage among all non-alcoholic beverages. The energy drink market is very small compared to other beverages market but it is growing 30 percent per year. Our financial objective is to maintain and increase this grow rate for our business. For the first year specially we would like to maintain a significant advertising budget to execute and utilize different media vehicles: magazine, internet, prime-time television, ambient and billboards. These media vehicles will allow Tiger to reach the desired reach and frequencies while keeping within the budget. 3. 3. Target Markets Tiger’s strategy is based on a positioning of different and exotic flavors, hot or cold use opportunities and varied serving sizes. Our main consumer target of Tiger is upper income level white collar people, working parents and young adults between 25 and 40 age who want healthy, natural, tasty and a high quality an energy drink with an affordable price. Tiger energy drink has ability to strengthen memory, increase focus and overcome exhaustion and insufficient energy. Our secondary consumer target is low and mid income level which include truck drivers and blue collar workers who seek to stay alert during driving, working, etc†¦ These type of consumers are only looking to pay less for an energy drink since they consume for a purpose: â€Å"stay focused and alert†. 3. 5. Positioning Kaplan’s strategy is to be an innovative energy drink by product differentiation based on size, taste and hot or cold usage. Using product differentiation, we are positioning Tiger Energy Drink as the most revolutionary, tasty and healthy energy drink. Tiger is the brand of energy drinks that gives you the need of concentration and productivity in day time and need of fun and high energy in night to allow you to do everything you want in a full day of work and play. The fruity and tropical fresh taste leaves you asking for more and the bigger size contain more healthy ingredients than their competitors. Our marketing will focus on the value-priced equilibrium, reflecting the positive side of a big size and product taste and usage alternatives. 3. 6. Strategies Product 3. 7. Marketing Program 3. 8. Marketing Research 4. 0 Financials 4. 1. Break-Even Analysis 4. 2. Sales Forecast 4. 3. Expense Forecast 5. 0. Controls 5. 1. Implementation 5. 2. Marketing Organization 5. 3. Contingency Planning Non-alcoholic beverages market data excludes pure milk and home use demijohn water products.

Definition Of The Term Authentic Material

Definition Of The Term Authentic Material During the last decades, English language has been expanding considerably all over the world. In fact, people have started to talk about English language as the new global language. As a consequence of this impressive evolution, our nation has applied several educational measures to the general curriculum of education in order to teach correctly English as a second language in schools. The creation of the program Inglà ©s abre puertas and the changes made to the studying plans of MINEDUC are clear examples of this initiative. Notwithstanding, these attempts of improving the English level in our students did not work at all. Last year, a proficiency test called SIMCE was taken so as to evaluate the level of English language in students of third year of high school, and the results obtained by this assessment were really deficient. Indeed, 89% of all students evaluated were not able to certificate a basic level of English. In light of this pitiful scenario, this paper proposes the use of authentic materials as an interesting and useful ESL teaching technique which can contribute to ameliorate the low level of English in students. In the following paragraphs, it will be stated the definition of the concept authentic materials in the ESL field and the sources where teachers can get them. Furthermore, guidelines for the correct selection of these teaching materials will be provided, and the advantages of using them will be described in detail and supported firmly. As the title of this project says, the subject of study is the use of authentic materials in ESL lessons. Thereby, it is necessary to start by defining what authentic materials really are. Firstly, the conceptualization of teaching/learning materials has to be stated concisely and explicitly. In essence, the term material refers to resources in the classroom which students are able to use with the purpose of improving and complementing their learning process. For instance, a book, a photocopied handout, a poster, a flashcard, a whiteboard, or any technological equipment can be defined as material because they act in a complementary way in the teaching/learning process and include the characteristics mentioned before. As Tomlinson (1998) asserts, they are anything which is used to help to teach language learners.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ anything which presents or informs about the language being learned.(p.11). Although it is easy to delineate the meaning of the term teaching/learning materials, the concept of authenticity is a bit more complex of classifying since there are several different authors who have attempted to define it in the field of second language teaching. For example, Heitler (2005) states that authentic materials are any texts written by native English speakers for native English speakers (p.5), while Tomlinson (1998) ascertains that an authentic text is a text not written or spoken for language teaching purposes. Likewise, Kramsh (1993) adds the term authentic has been used as a reaction against the prefabricated artificial language of textbooks and instructional dialogues, it refers to the way language is used in non-pedagogic, natural communication, and Little and Singleton (1988) declares that an authentic text is a text that was created to fulfill some social purpose in the language community in which it was produced. In the same line, Harmer (1991) defines authentic texts as materials which are designed for native speakers; they are real texts; designed not for language students, but for the speakers of the language, and Sanderson (1999) complements the description of authentic materials saying that they are materials that we can use with the students in the classroom and that have not been changed in any way for ESL students. A classic example would be a newspaper article thats written for a native-English-speaking audience (p.3). As it can be seen, there is a spectrum of distinct conceptualizations of authenticity. However, there is an agreement with some specific characteristics of genuine resources among the definitions established before. One of those shared features is the non-pedagogic purpose. Authentic materials are not produced nor adapted so as to be used for teaching or learning a second language; in fact, they are taken as genuine as possible from the reality. In this way, the artificiality of language is avoided completely. A pos itive consequence since the artificial nature of the language and structures used, make them very unlike anything that the learner will encounter in the real world and very often they do not reflect how the language is really used (Berardo, 2006, p.62). In order to complete this pursuit of genuineness, it is essential to obtain materials produced by native speakers. They interact with their peers inevitably in the target language because it is their innate language. Actually, there is not a better version of spoken or written English than the one made by the people who lives in English spoken cultures, so native production becomes another key aspect in the classification of authentic materials. Considering that any interaction between two native speakers can be used as an authentic material, it is unavoidable to look for common situations with the intention of getting real communication in English. Every person uses his own language to transmit a message to other person, and this pr ocess of normal communication among people has to be captured so as to have the authenticity desired in ESL teaching. Thus, real communication is a vital facet in the conceptualization authentic materials. In sum, the three basic characteristics of authentic materials are non-pedagogic purpose, native production, and real communication. For the purpose of this paper, authentic materials will be classified and identified in respect of those features. Nowadays, there is a huge variety of different sources where materials with the characteristics established before can be found, so the task of selection of adequate genuine resources has become a tough one. Even though, the globalized world offers multiple options to look for proper authentic materials for ESL lessons, there are three prime sources which are the most typical used: internet, literature, and mass media. The first one provides a limitless range of useful materials for ESL classroom. In internet, teachers can find podcast, videos, songs, websites, images, advertising, and plenty of other resources which can serve as authentic materials. All these resources possess the benefits of being constantly updated, and additionally most of them are interactive. Unquestionably, this source is the one which contains more available resources among the three named before, and the procedure of searching for specific information is easy to do as well. These advantages of abundance and easiness plus the others mentioned above make internet a valuable source for ESL teaching. Opposite to the advantages of internet, literature works with others aspects of language. It does not provide many resources to be used as authentic materials; indeed, it mainly provides books. Despite the fact that poems and fairy tales can also be utilized for ESL teaching, they are not applied in lessons in a frequent mode. In regard to books, they not only serve as genuine resources for English teaching/learning, but they also function as a reflection of the community in which was written. From literature, students can extract relevant information about cultures and know in depth their linguistic characteristics. As Sanderson (1999) states, language and cultures are intrexicably linked (p.2), so the cultural background is an important advantage of using literature as a source. In addition to this benefit, there is a special contribution to students made by literature. Most of the books are written with the purpose of transferring human experiences to readers, and these experiences have an intrinsic emotional significance. Hence, teachers can use literature to teach students human values so as to educate them integrally. In that way, they will be exploiting totally these authentic materials, and completing one of the major tasks for educators. By the same token, the other main source for finding genuine resources exhibits benefits akin to the previous ones. Mass media play an essential role in the communication of modern society, and their relevance can be demonstrated with the fact that today people are informed about all the important events which happen in the world due to their communicative labor. Mass media function as a way of global communication, and their product is abounding and immediate information. There are several resources from mass media which can be utilized for ESL teaching as magazines, TV programs, live radio and newspapers, but just the last men tioned provides numerous benefits as authentic material. According to Sanderson (1999), there are numerous reasons to use newspapers in classroom, and the stronger ones are general educational value, cultural background, reader interest, and varieties of English. The first one refers basically to the fact that newspapers inform people about what is happening in the world and elaborate on their general knowledge about their reality. The second one refers to the reflection of the culture where a newspaper is written in the language used within it. It is similar to the contribution of books in ESL lessons. The third reason is explained by the assortment of topics and sections which a newspaper contains. Due to that diversity of subjects, readers can be motivated and interested in working with them. The final argument points out the wide range of text types and language styles that newspapers offer to ESL teachers. It is not easy to find this multiplicity in others resources. In view of the advantages of using newspapers described before, they are definitely a beneficial and practical material for ESL teaching. Regardless the fact that plenty of texts can be taken from the three prime sources named in the previous paragraph, it does not mean that all the materials contained in them will be appropriate for ESL teaching. Actually, many examples of language use could be too complex, or too informal for L2 pedagogy. Thus, there are certain criteria which serve as filter for this profusion of resources. According to Berardo (2006), some specific traits have to be pondered in the selection of authentic materials. The most important one is the suitability of the text. The material has to be related to the needs of the students, and additionally it must be motivating for them. For instance, it will be absurd to use a conversation about the construction of a building between two engineers as a learning material if the learners are studying medicine or law because the resources utilized do not fit with the needs of the students. For this purpose, it is necessary to know as many aspects of the student s as possible, so teachers can look for attractive and relevant genuine resources. A useful way of collecting likes and dislikes of students is the use of surveys. By using that technique, teachers can accrue the necessary knowledge about the target group so as to find apt materials. Other factor to consider in selecting materials is exploitability. The text which will be used in class must have a teaching purpose. It should demand coherent and significant tasks from students in order to be helpful for the ESL lesson. Even though authentic material contains real English language, they could not have a use in the classroom if they do not require students to do fruitful exercises. Consequently, the fact of providing native English language is not enough to select a material for an ESL lesson. The texts extracted from the sources must be compatible with the objectives of the class. In addition to this, the complexity of a text should be also considered in the process of deciding if a m aterial is appropriate for ESL teaching. The language level of the genuine resource chosen must match with the language level of students. Linguistic features as structural and lexical ones can affect directly the understanding of students about the text, as well as the amount of new vocabulary and any new grammatical forms present in the material. A teacher cannot pretend to work with materials which their students are not even able to comprehend. The last element which needs consideration in the choice of proper teaching resources is presentation. The contextualization of the authentic material is a detail that cannot be sidestepped. Pictures, photographs, realia and concept maps can help students not only to grasp correctly the gist of the text, but also can aid to construct an imaginary image of the context in which the genuine resource was created. Besides, those elements add attractiveness to materials and stimulate students to learn the target language. The appearance of text s is the first aspect that students notice when materials a represented to them, so it is vital factor in the attempt of getting the attention of students. Considering the explanations and justifications of each criterion in the procedure of choosing materials, it would be beneficial for the teaching and learning of a second language to apply them. Therefore, teachers have to use the four criteria described thoroughly in the previous lines with the purpose of selecting practical and adequate materials for ESL lessons. As it has been already defined the term authentic materials and has been proposed guidelines to select appropriately them, it is the time to say explicitly why genuine resources should be used in ESL classes since that argument is the gist of this research paper. In concise words, the main reason for utilizing genuine resources in ESL lessons is they provide varied and exclusive advantages to the teaching/learning process of English language. Actually, numerous investigators of the field as Nuttal, Widdowson, Berardo, or Martinez have identified many benefits from the use of authentic materials, and in the following lines the most important ones will be presented to support the idea stated. The first and chief advantage of using authentic materials in ESL class is the exposure to real English. One of the central principles in the application of this kind of teaching resource is to immerse students to as much natural language as possible because learners are accustomed to receive an artificial version of the target language in their normal classes. Inevitably, the English language adapted to instructional purposes loses certain incidental features of genuine communication and reproduces the view of teaching designed by the people in charge, whereas using authentic materials provides readers with the chance to practice English with real models of language and to realize differences between communication of native speakers and non-native speakers. This last sentence offers a convenient bridge to explain the sense of achievement which will be the second advantage highlighted in this section. As students do not commonly work with authentic materials in English classes, they can feel afraid of misunderstanding the whole texts or committing mistakes when they will be working with them. The fear towards materials made in foreign countries affects directly the way in which students acquire the target dialect, and the sense of achievement can be explained with regard to that assumption. As it is believed that genuine resources are complex and hard to work with, students feel really happy and proud of themselves when they are able to grasp the main ideas of texts or to complete the tasks demanded for the material. Any improvement produced by learners pertaining to the comprehension and exploitation of authentic material will be significant for them. It is a unique and progressive procedure of delight in learners. Similar to the last benefit of using authentic materials, the next one is also concerned with the affective dimension of learners. Indeed, the third advantage which will be examined in depth is motivation. Generally, students react in a positive way upon the use of novel teaching/learning materials in everyday classes. These innovative pedagogic resources stimulate learners to practice language in an enthusiastic mode. Introducing authentic materials to an English lesson can attain the affective consequences named before since that kind of materials are unusual for students. Besides, genuine resources usually contain diverse visual stimuli which make them more appealing for learners. Videos, newspapers, brochures, and job advices are examples of that motivating characteristic. In light of the advantages about motivation and sense of achievement, it is important to mention that the affective factors of learning a second language have been investigated exhaustively during the last decades. As a matter of fact, Krashen (1977), who is considered one of the most important authors in the field of second language acquisition, states a hypothesis called affective filter which is about the relevance of feelings and attitudes in the L2 acquisition process. Returning to our focus, the fourth advantage of using authentic materials in ESL lessons is cultural background. By way of genuine resources are real communicative situations extracted from their natural context, there are traits of the context embed in them. Thus, cultural information about a country or a community can be obtained from the use of this type of teaching/learning material. Students not only learn a foreign language when using authentic materials, they also learn about cultures from different parts of the world. Thereby, learners can develop a global knowledge of the lifestyles outside of their country and be acquainted with what is going on in the world around them. In the section about sources of possible materials, there were described some resources which include this advantage as their primary characteristic. The final advantage which will be outlined against the use of common instructional materials is variety. This facet of the use of authen tic material possesses two connotations. The first one refers to the multiplicity of types of texts that teachers can utilize as genuine resources. In the part of the paper where it was discussed the diversity of sources, there were named around twenty distinct authentic resources which can be utilized in ESL class. In there, it was demonstrated that there is an abundance of kinds of genuine resources, and teachers only have to select one according to their teaching purposes. Besides, this wide range of texts includes a variety of language styles too. Students can benefit from them, and develop their basic skills of English language. For example, learners can ameliorate their listening skill by hearing different accents in conversations extracted from native speakers from distinct countries, or they can improve their reading skill by comparing diverse writing styles presented in books which were made in different cultures. The second connotation refers to the assortment of topics wh ich can be found in the sources of genuine resources. This mixture implicates teachers can choose materials considering likes and needs of their students and prepare a lesson which will be relevant and motivating for them. As it has been confirmed in previous paragraphs, the interest of students upon a learning resource can change radically the effectiveness of the class. With all these unique and practical features at their disposal, ESL teachers have to start questioning why they do not use authentic materials commonly in class because at the moment there is not a solid argument to stand out these advantages and benefits. It is compulsory for ESL educators to investigate about different ways to teach English so as to possess a spectrum of distinct methodologies or techniques. Thereby, they can choose an appropriate one pondering the characteristics and needs of their target group of learners. In this respect, authentic materials are teaching resources easy to find and select, and additionally they provide exposure to real English, sense of achievement, motivation, cultural background and variety to ESL classes. Therefore, they must be considered as a valuable and useful teaching/learning material for teachers in the ESL field, and undoubtedly they must be used in a more frequent way in their lessons.