Lifeboat Ethics Essay

Life is like a cruise ship†¦ or at least until the engine blows up and your oasis of luxury sinks. Before you know it, you find yourself sitting in one of the few lifeboats, surrounded by hundreds of people who are now accurately portraying survival of the fittest. They are treading water and fearing sharks, all because there are not enough rafts. You are grateful to be in your lifeboat and eventually question if everyone on this earth has an equal right to an equal share in its resources (Hardin 1). Well, if you were not wondering about that, Garrett Hardin was. In his essay â€Å"Lifeboat Ethics: the Case Against Helping the Poor†, Hardin compares the condition of wealthy nations to that of a lifeboat. Hardin’s main idea is that wealthy nations should not offer any kind of assistance or support to people in poor countries because the outcome in doing so would be a catastrophe. Although Hardin’s ideas accurately state the problems of over-population and supporting the poor, he fails to defend his logic by not stating a satisfying compromise between the two extremes of giving all of our resources to the poor and not helping the poor at all. He uses a lifeboat example to show the segregation to show the segregation of the rich people in the boat and the poor people swimming in the surrounding water. Natural instinct is to take in as many poor people as possible even if the raft lacks space, but Hardin argues that the result would be a sinking raft and a disaster. There would be no positive result. If rich people pull poor people in the raft, the raft would then lose its â€Å"safety factor†. In the end, there would be no positive outcome in helping the swimmers and the result would be â€Å"complete justice, complete catastrophe† (Hardin 1). â€Å"In a crowded world of less than perfect human beings, mutual ruin is inevitable if there are no controls. This is the tragedy of the commons† (Hardin 3). The tragedy of the commons is a perfect example as to why there is no advantage in helping the poor. A person’s property or possession is well taken care of because it is his or her own responsibility. But if it is available for everyone it would not be taken care of as much. Hardin uses air and water as examples of commons that have been taken advantage of. Since air and water are both treated as commons, they have become polluted and therefore endanger everyone. Another negative product of helping the poor is that they will never learn from their mistakes. Since poor countries know that the wealthy countries will be there to help and give them aide when needed, they will never learn to save themselves and prepare for future disasters. Why would they? No one would go out of their way to get something if they knew it would be handed to them when needed. â€Å"But they can learn from experience. They may mend their ways, and learn to budget for infrequent but certain emergencies† (Hardin 4). Hardin does not give a neutral idea to this problem. He basically states, either we give the poor everything or we give them nothing at all. This problem could easily be solved by limiting how much we give other countries in their times of need. If they are aware that they will only get x-amount of supplies from us, they will be more likely to stock necessities and other resources. Hardin’s argument is whether we should help poor countries and have them forever depend on us, or not help them and let them learn their lesson in the hopes that it will benefit them in the future. It is understandable that we should help them because we are a rich nation and should not be greedy with our wealth, but people are naturally careless and selfish when tragedy strikes. When people receive aide, they end up depending on it as long as they can. So the answer to the question asked earlier is no, not everyone is entitled to a fair share of resources. â€Å"For the foreseeable future, our survival demands that we govern our action by the ethics of a lifeboat, harsh as though they may be. Posterity will be satisfied with nothing less† (Hardin 8).

Compare and Contrast Essay Essay

Trayvon Martin and Jordan Davis were just two young teenage boys whose lives were taken from this world. The two cases for these two boys have some similarities between each other they were two 17 year-old African-American boys, both boys were unarmed, and the stand your ground law was used for each case. There are also some differences between the cases such as George Zimmerman was found not guilty while Michael Dunn was found guilty, Zimmerman stayed on the scene of the crime while Dunn did not do the same, and last eye witnesses were present to Dunn’s case but Zimmerman had zero eye witness. This is the twenty-first century yet we still have hate towards other races. In February 26, 2012 â€Å"Trayvon Martin a seventeen year old African American boy went to the store for some candy and a soft drink. George Zimmerman a Hispanic man was the neighborhood watch captain for the Retreat at Twin Lakes† (HLNtv.com). Now in November 23, 2012 Michael Dunn a White man â€Å"leaving a wedding reception for his son pulled into a gas station for wine and chips next to the SUV Jordan Davis† another seventeen year old African American boy â€Å"and three of his friends were in† (CNN.com). Zimmerman was monitoring the neighborhood when he calls 911 to report â€Å"a suspicious person.† He was â€Å"instructed to not get out or approach the person† who was. Martin. Zimmerman â€Å"disregarded the instructions given to him by the police and moments later shot Martin† and unarmed boy (CNN.com). If he was unarmed walking back to his house how could he have had any intention of being aggressive towards another man? In Dunn case he got into an argument with Davis and his friends about the loud music asking them to turn it down. Dunn said he â€Å"saw Davis reach down in his passenger seat to pull out a 12 or 20 gauge shotgun.† So â€Å"Dunn grabbed his gun an open fired ten bullet, three of which struck Davis.† Later when the car was searched no gun was found in the car (usatoday.com). Davis just like Martin was an unarmed boy. In the presence of both cases Zimmerman and Dunn both found there selves in a self-defense situation in other terms the â€Å"stand your ground law† (huffingtonpost.com). The Zimmerman case was considered self-defense but he would not have had to defend himself if he didn’t approach Martin. Also when Martin was unarmed what did Zimmerman need to defend himself of? Dunn on the other hand was not in a calm state of mind he was the â€Å"prosecutor portrayed him as a gunman whose â€Å"blood started to boil† because an armed teenager had disrespected him† (usatoday.com). Even though Dunn thought Davis had a gun he should not have fired off ten rounds rapidly. Dunn could not have been defending him and his wife when the teenagers were unarmed. They were no harm to Dunn and his wife. Zimmerman was the neighborhood watch men and was patrolling the street when he saw Martin. There were not one eye witnesses to seeing what happened at the scene besides Zimmerman a nd Martin who was dead. The only thing they had to go off of was the bruises forming and blood running from the back of his head, also the recording of the gun shot from the police recording of Zimmerman’s phone call. In Dunn’s case he was at a gas station with people around including the four men he was talking to about the loud â€Å"rap crap† music as he called it (CNN.com). Usually when you flee the scene of a crime it means you are guilty. After Zimmerman got out and came up too Martin and defended himself by shooting him. He stayed at the scene was it because no one was around and he already called the cops, and he knew that with his head bloody it was constituted as the â€Å"stand your ground law?† As for Dunn he fled forty miles back to his motel as soon as he shot off ten rounds. There he took â€Å" his dog for a walk, ordered pizza, and drank rum and cola† (CNN.com) Zimmerman was found not guilty after a year and six months went by. The six women jury found George Zimmerman not guilty. The jury had three choices to convict Zimmerman of â€Å"guilty of second degree murder, to find him guilty of the lesser charge manslaughter, or to find him not guilty. The jurors deliberated for more than sixteen hours total, including the thirteen on Saturday alone† (CNN.com). Now for Dunn even though he had pretty similar crimes as Zimmerman he was found guilty. Dunn received â€Å"a minimum of twenty years on one count, another twenty year count, and another minimum of twenty  year count† (usatoday). Works Cited Neale, Rick. â€Å"Fla. USA TODAY. Larry Kramer, 16 Feb. 2014. Web. 9 Apr. 2014.

Black Manhood Essay Research Paper ROBERT CLINEThe

Black Manhood Essay, Research Paper ROBERT CLINE The Explosion of Wall Street, September 16th 1920 from 3 different positions. Reporting from Wall Street Live: John Jackson, Lady s A ; Gentlemen an detonation exterior the frontage of the Barclays Bank edifice merely earlier 5 ante meridiem quivered downtown Wall Street directing dust of glass lavishing down on the intersection of Water Street. I spoke with New York City Police Chief of Detectives William Allee and he said, # 8220 ; An explosive device broke Windowss at Barclays Bank and windows across the street # 8230 ; One individual was injured from the blast, but was treated at Downtown Beekman Hospital and released. # 8221 ; Afterward, the constabulary tagged the device # 8220 ; an jury-rigged explosive device, # 8221 ; but wouldn Ts say if it was a family mechanism. Allee said the New York City Police Department, the FBI and New York State Police have focused their efforts to happen a 5-foot 10-inch, 220-pound adult male dressed in a tan building coat that was seen outside 75 Wall St. about the clip of the detonation. Barclays Bank is non noting on the incident other than to province that Barclays owns the edifice but doesn T sustain offices at that place. I spoke with a spokeswoman and informed me those two renters in the edifice including Dresdner Bank and J.P. Morgan. There is no hint that the blast has any connexion with Dresdner said a bank female interpreter from Frankfurt, Germany. Bank processs in the edifice include Dresdner # 8217 ; s trading floor and other installations as good. The spokeswoman stated that she couldn t give any other information at the clip. One of J.P. Morgan s functionaries replied that Mr. Morgan has some employees that have been rerouted to another 1 of Mr. Morgan s offices and stated the bank is working # 8220 ; concern as usual. # 8221 ; Bomb-smelling cur and representatives from the Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms bureau have closed seeking the country and found nil. The constabularies say the country is now safe. Employees are now being permitted into the entryway on 75th Wall St. , but are being accompanied by constabulary bulls through a secondary entryway. Streets are blocked off in the parametric quantities between Pearl, Front, Wall and Greenwich streets. I spoke with a gentleman functionary at a corner base and he stated he was stacking doughnuts when the detonation occurred. # 8220 ; I figured it was a elephantine banger, # 8221 ; stated gentleman who decline vitamin D to give his given name. He ended the conversation with, â€Å"I didn’t travel out because I was scared.† I besides spoke with Dennis Theodore and he said he heard the blast during his regular work on his 5th floor office at 110th Wall St. He stated, â€Å"My Windowss shook. The whole edifice shook, and I knew it was a bomb right away.† I found out that this would be Theodore’s 2nd onslaught in five old ages. This 43 twelvemonth old from Middle Village Queens, adult male was on a metro auto near Fulton St. about five old ages ago when a bomb exploded in one of the train autos. The blast is the first in history in the lower Manhattan country that was so destructive of all time. I m seeing following door the mammoth Fe bars across the Assay Office s Windowss twisted. The Stock Exchange s large Windowss shattered onto the trading floor. The consequence of the blast caused the Trinity Church to tremble and thirty people died immediately because of rocks falling and some mere vermilion discolorations on the paving. A adult female s caput still have oning a chapeau is wedged to 23 Wall s fa fruit drink. A courier ballad decapitated with a bundle of securities firing in his manus. Besides a clerk ballad eyeless with his pess gone really exhausted. I figure about two 100s are hurt with the exclusion of the 10 who were merely found dead. To the left of me a hoof of on of the Equus caballuss that are soaking in a pool blood. Another on site informant remembered how the pool had glistened in the sunbeams. There are crowds of unharmed people environing the shambles even though stepping on the dead to see good. Other information on the detonation of Wall St. the Stock Exchange s president stated he walked at a good pace to the bathroom because running is forbidden on the trading floor. While he rang the tam-tam to stop the twenty-four hours s trading. The Curb Exchange agents transacted commercialism on the Broad St. walkway about 200 pess south of Wall St. Less officially suspended when the agents ran off. The constabulary and firemen are here cleaning up things seeking to acquire order. Half a twelve bulls with their guns drawn took station before the Assay Office and Sub exchequer. Forty proceedingss after the blast federal soldiers from the Governor s Island barracks arrived with they re rifles filled and lances fixed were double-timing into Wall St. Beginnings: www.yahoo.com ; 1920 detonation. www.msn.com ; Wall St. Bombing of 1920. Microfilm-September 16th 1920. Bombing of the Wall St. Market.

Why Have the Euro and the European Central Bank Been So Successful Essay

Why Have the Euro and the European Central Bank Been So Successful - Essay Example The researcher states that the population of the EU zone is slightly higher than the United States. So that, as a currency Euro is important for the development of the global economy. The use of Euro as a common currency by the member states of European Union (EU) will help in eliminating currency risks, transaction costs and narrow the interest spread in the member countries. The European Central bank (ECB) was created as an independent institution for the establishment of a common monetary policy. The researcher states that as a single European currency, Euro has succeeded in breaking barriers between people, markets and companies. It also saved Europe from the credit crisis that originated in US in 2007-08 that later spread worldwide. The success of Euro is evident from the strengthened political connections and turnaround of economic fortunes. It has acquired the second position after U.S. dollar in its use and position in the capital and international money market. For a currenc y circulating in the market for just four years, it is a remarkable achievement. The success of Euro can be attributed to the benefits derived from it some of which are mentioned in the study, such as boost in cross border trade, that is the main benefit of using Euro as a currency and improved planning and investment that was done to gain benefits in worldwide markets. The researcher then concluds that Euro has all the factors that are needed in a competitor of dollar but it still lacks the political power.

Individual Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Individual Assignment - Essay Example The company chose to deal with water, a vital commodity over which, because of public interest, they could not raise prices too high without becoming the target of negative sentiments. This means that MIBW4A will be trapped perpetually in narrow profit margins. Underreporting is a real concern, because there is no way for MIBW4A to oversee sales. The revenue sharing agreement, where water vendors receive 20% and MIBW4A 80%, in unrealistic, given that the water which comprises the product is provided by water vendors, the cost they shoulder. MIBW4A will be more justified to charge a flat rate for rental. There is no reason why the vendors could not purchase their own filters and get 100% of their own sales, instead of turning over 80% to MIBW4A. Slow Sand Filtration is inferior to the 10-stage, or other multistage, standard water filtration system. There are more strategic, technological, and operational weaknesses in the business plans for MIBW4A, that there is greater reason to beli eve that it shall be more unfeasible than feasible. 2. What conclusions can you draw from your analysis of the financial statements? The financial statements are not realistic projections of the likely financial performance of the proposed business. On the following pages, the ratios of the pro forma financial statements, and the horizontal and vertical analysis of the balance sheet and income statement, are presented. Since the company shall not rely on short-term or long-term borrowings or liabilities, there are no liquidity or solvency ratios to speak of. All financing will be by equity (Atril & McLaney, 2008). This in itself is financially unsound, because the business does not explore the profit magnifying power of financial leverage. Fixed asset and total asset turnovers appear rosy, but this not being a manufacturing concern, reliance on these ratios is not significant. The firm has no major fixed assets directly related to its production except the filters, its contract, and its vehicles. Of these, only the vehicles are of real, tangible value, because the filters and contract are only as valuable as their perceived usefulness allows. Obsolescence and lack of market interest could drive the value of these assets to almost nothing very quickly. There being no cost of goods sold, there is no gross profit margin. The net profit margin is high at 59% and 61%, while the ROI (which is also the ROE since equity financed all the assets) is high for the second year at 96% but drops by 30 percentage points to 60% for the third year. Again, these ratios could not be relied upon because there appear to be significant elements which were not considered in the forecasting of revenues and costs. (Sources: Paramasivan, et al., 2008; Shim, et al., 2008) The common-size balance sheet (vertical analysis) on the next page shows each account as a ratio of total assets. A huge proportion of the assets are in cash, indicating that the company is under-invested. Keeping huge amounts of cash is unproductive; where these funds are not needed to be invested in the company’s business, it should be put in marketable securities such as safe government bonds or treasury bills. The horizontal analysis points to the

Using appropriate theories and concepts, critically evaluate the value Essay

Using appropriate theories and concepts, critically evaluate the value of the notion of reflection in your own self development - Essay Example Furthermore, it is within such environments that there is a refining of values and this is often done without ensuring reflection is made an important aspect of thinking. It is important to ensure that reflective thinking is developed and made an essential part of individuals because it is the only way through which they can challenge assumptions, and make an assessment of their intuition, and learn more about themselves. It is important to note that some of the biggest barriers for many individuals in achieving their objectives is their lack of reflection (Bowden, 2008, p.4). This is especially because I have realized that many people tend to repeat the patterns and behaviours, which contribute to their failures. However, when they adopt an attitude of reflection before undertaking what they are aiming at, they come to achieve genuine results and personal growth. I find that reflection enables individuals to discover their ability to gain what they want, making it the key to success because without it, all actions are meaningless. Through my own experiences, I have discovered that reflective thinking is a matter of problem solving, which requires an individual to see things in a new way independent of the way that they normally see these problems. It is through their looking at problems differently that individuals are able to find solutions to them in ways that they did not expect (Edwards, 2010). Taking time to reflect on a problem from a different perspective other than the habitual one, especially for a leader within an organization, is extremely important because it makes the individual to have time for constructive thinking. Through thinking outside the box, following Kolb’s reflective model, a leader is able to develop a better understanding of the problem facing the organization and take necessary action to ensure that the solution he comes up with is not only relevant, but it can be applied in a manner that does not threaten organizational

Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 5

Technology - Essay Example Nevertheless, at the time most people used the commercial phones such as telephones to communicate especially in businesses and other related matters. Such kind of communication was extremely expensive and only a small percentage of businesses could afford. Consequently, those who were able to purchase or own these kinds of phones used them with extreme caution and for very important reasons. Conversely, private entities such as homes used the phones for communication although this was only present to those who could afford such kind of luxury at the time (Miller & Horst, 2006). Eventually, mobile phones were discovered by an inventor known as Martin Cooper in 1973 while he worked as a senior development engineer in the mobile equipment group. According to Cooper, the invention of a portable phone was driven by the necessity he saw from people to communicate in a more private manner as compared to the then phone communication where privacy was not upheld. Furthermore, Cooper argued that apart from the privacy issue, people needed phones that they would use anytime and anywhere without necessarily having to be connected to immobile places such as office desks, homes or even persons who traded with phones for communication (Miller & Horst, 2006). In this regard, Ling (2004) articulates that the use of mobile phones is highest across the world. According to a recent research, there are approximately six billion mobile subscribers out of the seven billion people population across the world. Moreover, more people continue to embrace the information and communication technology by becoming mobile subscribers. For instance, Asia is argued to be a region with the highest number of mobile subscribers across the globe. Therefore, importances of mobile phones are numerous and continue to increase by the day. Firstly, mobile phones are being used in modern society to keep in touchà © with

Pattern Recognition Using Neural Network Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Pattern Recognition Using Neural Network - Essay Example Pattern Recognition or Optical Character Recognition (OCR) is a pipelined process consisting of several stages in proper sequence. They are shown in figure 2. Each character is represented as a combination of pixels. All pixels together make a huge feature vector. Total number of pixels is equal to wh where w is the number of pixel in width side and h is the pixels present in height. Figure 3 depicts the way pixel forms one particular character. xi is the fraction of ink in pixel i. Classifier must be adaptive (generalize) in nature so that it can be able to recognize patterns encountering first time. A typical character image is 6464 pixels large and for each such pixel 256 grey values are required making feature space large. For training a recognizer hence, requires huge amount of data to fill this vast space. In order to reduce the dimension space Principal Component Analysis is mostly used which transforms into lower dimension space (Yeung & Ruzzu, 2001). OCR also should make a distinguishing between 'O' and '6'. Figure 4 shows one case example. If t/b comes smaller that means letter is 'O' otherwise '6'. A good algorithm must define the tolerance level (T) adequately. Other examples of such cases are letter 'q' and digit '9'. There are various algorithm or computer processes available for pattern recognition. One such example is Brian Sanderson's Pattern Recognition (PR) Algorithm. Every patter is identified according to three systems of notation:333 Conway Thurston Notation. P3 The International Union of Crystallography notation. S333 The Montesinos Notation First identify the maximum rotation number whether it is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 6. Then check any mirror is present or not (m). Is there any indecomposable glide reflection (g) And finally whether there is any rotation axis on the mirror present or not. Other than this Genetic Algorithm also works as PR. Selection of patterns play an important role in PR process as it determines the accuracy of algorithm, its learning time, and the necessary number of samples. Best selection of feature plays important role at the time developing classifiers. The problem comes out more difficult when number of features become very large. Genetic Algorithm (GA) gives better result in that. As they are effective in rapid global search of large, nonlinear and sparsely spaced points, GA is applied for feature recognition problem. It combines different optimization problem into a single formulation problem (Morita). Most effective approach today for OCR is Neural Network based recognition. Neural Network: An Overview A Neural network is a massively parallel distributed processor made up of simple processing units, which has a natural propensity for storing experimental knowledge and making it available for use. It resembles the brain

Brand Evaluation of Starbucks Coffee Assignment

Brand Evaluation of Starbucks Coffee - Assignment Example The major parts of coffee conceived a barricade to application, constraining get access to circulation passages for the use of exclusive agreements with food shop shops, but it was not so in the commerce specialty coffee, where the circulation was made mainly in retail shops belongs to by manufacturers of specialty coffee. These application obstacles more clear offer high or reduced obstacles to application into the specialty coffee commerce and force us to analyze the obstacles to application less transparent. Many cost benefits can be unaligned of scale and can be got by conceiving a place in the commerce at the beginning. They can be passed as first mover advantage. Some of these advantages arrive with a patented, so straightforward get access to raw components, favourable positions and the bend of teaching or experience. Introduction Today we are seeing a new era of coffee, one of Caffe Latte, macchiatos espresso, cappuccino and Frappuccinos. Specialty Coffee is here to stay, and no longer desire to notify you that what Howard Schultz, CEO of Starbucks, the market and conceive a brand synonymous with commitment, honesty and longevity. Main body Starbucks Brand Value The aim of Starbucks' should be established as the most identified and highly regarded in the world. To accomplish this aim, first Starbucks will extend to augment, grow, and grab market opportunities. The major assets of the business are, of course, espresso coffee, which encompasses beverages, tea, nourishment and beverages. Their goods are coffee does not aim on traditional-style coffee, but mostly freezing blended, baked coffee beans, coffee and liqueurs. They furthermore offer a kind of coffee combines in a kind of flavour and style. In supplement, beverages, Starbucks boasts a kind of nourishment for example sandwiches, salads, pastries and ice creams (Venkatraman Nelson 2008). Other choices offer Starbucks the farther use of earnings are accessories and gear for coffee lovers. Novelty pie ces for example cups, crystal, cyclic and vacation goods to supply buyers with Starbucks "a sense of brand loyalty. For those who desire to make the Starbucks know-how at dwelling, there are coffee appliances and grinders for sale. Part of the Starbucks know-how is befitting to depict and resting air with music. This melody is furthermore accessible for sale in its stores. Detail that they took such a gigantic capacity of procedures emphasizes this issue farther with the likelihood to purchase little enterprises and augment their enterprises at negligible cost. The biggest of their undertakings augment more leverage they have with the trading of their goods and services. Starbucks employees are employed to smaller incomes and share earnings for the barista as comparable to the industry. While Starbucks as its competitors on earnings and earnings, they did not capitalize on their workers, premier to inefficiency (Adamy 2008). These outcomes inefficiencies decreased clientele service and approval that Starbucks prides itself. Dissatisfied clients will finally halt buying Starbucks goods next the decrease of the company. When Starbucks started, personalized service is a priority. The reason was to buy a coffee an exclusive experience. However, in latest years with the fast expansion of outlets in latest years this concept has been lost.  

Small and medium enterprises Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Small and medium enterprises - Essay Example An SME should give the primary importance to alliance and strategic partnerships at both local and global levels in order to increase the productivity. This will give a huge boost to the yield to cost ration which is the most decisive factor in any SME as they are required to fulfill some business rules and rules to survive in the emerging economic world of today (Nelson & Prescott, 2003). The paramount reason behind these success criteria is the fact that in the ever increasing global economic scale, the SME finds itself being in some tightened conditions thus experiencing jeopardy and limiting factors in the economic growth. Alliances with some partners will not only give them important horizons and resources to get a global exposure but it will also expand the business opportunities to increase the profit and lifetime of the business initiative. A very famous concept in business studies known as transaction-cost theory should be followed in order to increase the certainty level of the success of the partnership (Yasuda, 2005). This theory illustrates and suggests that the SME should make alliance with a partner that can minimize the sum of the fixed and continual costs throughout the business process. The famous example in this case can be taken that of Austria economy which enjoys almost 99 percent of the SME initiative which were at the start partnership based. (OECD, 2005). Similarly, the other success criteria are limited target marketing because e increasing the target market at the start.

A Story Review from the 16th Century Essay Example for Free

A Story Review from the 16th Century Essay CHARACTERS: THE KING THE EARL OF CORNWALL SIR HUGH LACY, Earl of Lincoln. ROWLAND LACY, otherwise disguised as HANS, nephew of Sir Hugh Lacy ASKEW, another nephew of Sir Hugh Lacy SIR ROGER OATELEY, Lord Mayor of London. Master HAMMON, Master WARNER and Master SCOTT: Citizens of London. SIMON EYRE, the Shoemaker. ROGER, commonly called Hodge, a Journeyman of Simon Eyre FIRK, another journeyman of Simon Eyre RALPH, another Journeyman of Simon Eyre LOVELL, a courtier. DODGER, servant to The Earl of Lincoln A DUTCH SKIPPER. A BOY. ROSE, daughter of Sir Roger, the love interest of Rowland Lacy SYBIL, the maid of Rose MARGERY, wife of Simon Eyre JANE, wife of Ralph SETTING: London and Old Ford, England, as it happened in the 16th century PLOT DEVELOPMENT: With the different sub-plots evolving in The Shoemaker’s Holiday, the central plot is about the desperate love between Rowland Lacy and Rose Oateley.     And they defied the odds:   Rowland did not obey his uncle the Earl of Lincoln to go to war and Rose rejected the arranged marriage with Master Hammon, who is of wealth and nobility from London.     Sir Roger thought Rowland went to war.   Instead, Rowland apparently went to study shoemaking in Germany. He eventually went back to London; disguised himself as Hans a Dutch shoemaker and worked for Simon Eyre, a shoe shop owner and a real shoemaker.   Rowland and Rose went through the maze of re-discovering each other; plotting ways and means to be secretly married; and surmounting the ire and the vehemence of their respectively opposing families.   With the backdrop of the rise of Simon Eyre from being a simple man to achieving success and wealth, such paved the way for eventual happy conclusion of the fulfillment of the love of Rowland and Rose. SYMBOLISM: The Shoemaker’s Holiday generally illustrated basic features of the paradoxes in life:   unrequited love vis-à  -vis the determination to achieve its fulfillment; difference in social standing vis-à  -vis sustaining integrity of an individual inspite of any variance; applying duplicity and deceit to achieve a noble objective; how success can come and test humanness. In analyzing the various plots of The Shoemaker’s Holiday, Conover (1969) said:   â€Å"Achievement, promotion, advancement of all kinds are pictured in the play. For several of the characters in the play Simon Eyre is instrumental to success. The shoemakers, too, rise up the social scale – and Eyre tells them that opportunity is open to all.   Simon Eyre is, of course, the central example of the opportunities for success.   As he rises from shoemaker to Alderman, rich man, Sheriff, and Lord Mayor†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.[though the] main plot has to do with the love of young Lacy and the mayors daughter, most critics consider the Eyre action to be central in the play.† With such positive characteristic of the play, it is interesting to note that the author Thomas Dekker conversely led a nearly unknown life of deprivation.   He was constantly in debt and was in and out of prison for his inability to meet his obligations. As reviewed by The Harvard Classics:   â€Å"The play is full of an atmosphere of pleasant mirth, varied with characteristic touches of pathos; and it contains in the figure of Simon Eyre a creation of marked individuality and hilarious humor. It is striking that the most high-spirited picture of London life in the time of Elizabeth should come from the pen of the author who seems to have been more hardly treated by fortune than any of his contemporaries.†Ã‚   (Eliot, 1909) Indeed the tenor of the story is honest and realistic.   All the struggles that came by have been met with acceptance and resolve:   to surpass and emerge as victorious.   The need to bridge differences and misunderstanding were sought.   The overall intention of the theme of the story is allowing the truth of love and dignity of individuality its own due course. In a review of the Early Modern Theatre of the Theatre Studies Department of Duke University, it was noted that:   â€Å"Fantasy and reality blur, giving the plot a surreal quality that would be appealing as a holiday play: wishes come true and hopes are fulfilled.   However, realities do not completely disappear in this drama, ‘they keep returning, unexpectedly, to interrupt, trouble, and question any easy reading that would entertain by way of ignorance or innocence the real cost of social mobility and fluidity that is necessary in a class-ridden society’†¦..Thomas Dekker wrote a drama for the citizens of London, and incorporated social issues and ideas that citizens would be interested in.† (Duke University, undated) HOW THE STORY REFLECTED THE ASPECTS OF THE 16TH CENTURY† It has been described that:   â€Å"Literary development in the earlier part of the 16th century was weakened by the diversion of intellectual energies to the polemics of the religious struggle †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. The English part in the European movement known as humanism also belongs to this time. Humanism encouraged greater care in the study of the literature of classical antiquity and reformed education in such a way as to make literary expression of paramount importance for the cultured person. Literary style, in part modeled on that of the ancients, soon became a self-conscious preoccupation of English poets and prose writers. Thus, the richness and metaphorical profusion of style at the end of the century indirectly owed much to the educational force of this movement. The most immediate effect of humanism lay, however, in the dissemination of the cultivated, clear, and sensible attitude of its classically educated adherents, who rejected medieval theological misteaching and superstition.   The school of thought known as humanism, promoted the revival of Greek and Roman artistic and philosophical models that celebrated the worth of the individual.† (MSN Encarta, 2007). Because of a re-invention of the literary style at that time, the common pursuits for greatness and distinctiveness surfaced amongst the writers of that time.   â€Å"The Elizabethan Era is the period associated with the reign of Queen Elizabeth I (1558–1603) and is often considered to be a golden age in English history. It was the height of the English Renaissance, and saw the flowering of English literature and poetry. This was also the time during which Elizabethan theatre flourished and William Shakespeare, among others, composed plays that broke away from Englands past style of plays and theatre.† (Elizabethan Era, http://www.answers.com/topic/elizabethan-era) With such overall characteristics that prevailed during the 16th century, the aura of prosperity and practical domination and excellence in every aspect of life is exemplified in The Shoemaker’s Holiday.  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"London in the 16th century underwent a transformation. Its population grew 400% during the 1500s, swelling to nearly 200,000 people in the city proper and outlying region by the time an immigrant from Stratford came to town. A rising merchant middle class carved out a productive livelihood, and the economy boomed.†Ã‚   (Shakespeare Resource Center, 2008) The Shoemaker’s Holiday indeed encapsulated everything that is real and positive abounding in that period where new leaps in perspective about life and identity emerged. References: 16th Century Literary History.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://classiclit.about.com/od/16thcenturyinliterature/16th_Century_AD_Literary_History.htm Bellinger, M.F. (1927). â€Å"A Short History of the Drama† www.theatredatabase.com/17th_century/shoemakers_holiday.html Conover, J.H. (1969). The Shoemaker’s Holiday:   A Critical Commentary.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.geocities.com/magdamun/dekkerconover.html Early Modern Theatre, Theatre Studies Department, Duke University,   www.duke.edu/web/emt/student_projects/prentice/shoemakersholiday.html Eliot, C.W. (1909-14). The Harvard Classics. www.bartleby.com/47/1/. â€Å"Elizabethan England†.   2008.   Shakespeare Resource Centre   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.bardweb.net/england.html â€Å"Elizabethan Era†. http://www.answers.com/topic/elizabethan-era) English Literature, Microsoft ® Encarta ® Online Encyclopedia 2007 http://encarta.msn.com  © 1997-2007 Microsoft Corporation. All Rights Reserved. French Literature, Microsoft ® Encarta ® Online Encyclopedia 2007 http://encarta.msn.com  © 1997-2007 Microsoft Corporation. All Rights Reserved. The Shoemaker’s Holiday:   A Synopsis www.theatredatabase.com/17th_century/shoemakers_holiday.html An Abstract: Rowland Lacy, the nephew of Sir Hugh Lacy, the Earl of Lincoln, and Rose, the daughter of Sir Roger Oateley, the Lord Mayor of London are in love, but their families do not approve.     To separate them, Sir Roger sends Rose to the country, in Old Ford.   Sir Hugh sends Rowland to war in France.   Rowland disobeyed Sir Hugh and instead went to Germany and study shoemaking.   Rowland returns to London.   Disguised as a Dutch shoemaker, Rowland went to Simon Eyre, a shoe shop owner, for work and introduced himself as Hans.   Rowland and Simon sealed a very good friendship because when a cargo shipment at a very good price came up for sale, Rowland gave his war gift money to Simon to purchase the cargo.   This made Simon very wealthy.   Sir Hugh learned that Rowland is not in the war in France.   Meantime, Sir Roger was already arranging the marriage of Rose to Master Hammon, rich nobleman from London.   Rose vehemently refuses to marry Master Hammon. Meanwhile, Simon becomes the Sheriff of London and Sir Roger threw a party celebration for Simon in his house in Old Ford.   Simon and his shoemakers were invited.   During the dancing and merrymaking, Rose suspects that Hans is Rowland – inspite of Rowland talking in gibberish English to safeguard his disguise.   After the celebration, Rose and Sybil went to London.   Sybil asked Hans to take the shoe size of Rose and make a new pair of shoes. While Rowland and Rose are struggling for their love in the story, Simon has a journeyman named Ralph who was also sent to war.   Ralph is married to Jane.   Jane thought Ralph was killed in the war.   So she left off and no one knows of her whereabouts. Jane met Master Hammon – not knowing that a failed marriage arrangement transpired between Master Hammon and Rose.   So, Master Hammon was besotted to Jane and asked her to marry him.   Believing that Ralph is dead, Jane agreed and they were set to marry in St. Faith Church in London.   However, Jane wants the last gift of Ralph, a pair of shoes specially made for her, be duplicated to a brand new one to become her wedding shoes.   Master Hammon obliged and went to the shoe shop of Simon Eyre and ordered the duplication.   Meanwhile, Ralph returned to London because he was hurt in the war and was discharged.   Ralph returned to work with Simon and sadly learned that his wife left him for nowhere.    On that day that the shoe duplication for Jane was ordered, Ralph saw it and was therefore sure that it will lead her to his wife Jane.   Going back to the time when Rowland was taking the shoe size of Rose, Rowland had the chance to quietly and secretly instruct Rose to go to the house of Simon Eyre.   At this time, Simon became the new Mayor of London.   And as such, Simon could marry Rose and Rowland.   Eventually, Rose did so and they finally got married.   Sybil revealed the treachery of Rose and Rowland to Sir Roger and Sir Hugh.   But Sir Roger and Sir Hugh was told that the wedding will take place in the St. Faith Church. Whilst Sir Roger and Sir Hugh were on their way to St. Faith Church to take Rose from Rowland (as Hans), Ralph and with his shoemaker friends are already waiting in the church to take Jane from Master Hammon.  Ã‚   When Sir Roger and Sir Hugh arrived, it was a moment that Jane lovingly recognized her husband Ralph and apologized to Master Hammon for the cancellation of the wedding as she is still in love with Ralph.   Sir Roger and Sir Hugh were disgusted that they were seemingly duped because it was a different wedding that was suppose to transpire that moment.    Sir Hugh and Sir Roger nevertheless learned that Rowland and Rose are already married.   Sir Hugh and Sir Roger appealed to the King to nullify the marriage.   But King who has been enamoured with the antics and humanness of Simon as he treats his shoemaker workers fairly; he remains humble inspite of his wealth – worked out a solution to the enmity between the parents of Rowland and Rose and them.   The King divorced Rowland and Rose and re-married them and declared Rowland a knight just so the issue of differences in social standing come to an end.

Victors and Victims Essay Example for Free

Victors and Victims Essay â€Å"The Story of an Hour† is an English short story written by Kate Chopin. Chopin was widely recognized as one of the leading writers of her time and she is now considered by some to have forerunner of feminist authors of the 20th century. The second short story entitled â€Å"Clever Manka† which is written in Czechoslovakian language and translated in to English. Although it is anonymous, â€Å"Clever Manka† is a very important short story and the fact that it remains indicates that it has affected many people at different times. The both short stories have two completely different structures. The writer of â€Å"Clever Manka† used the expository method as the events starts from the very beginning, when the situation was stable and he introduces the characters, and then going up in the events. Opposite to â€Å"The story of an Hour†, it begins in the middle of the events. Then we have flash-back technique through which we know of all the events that happen before. Look more:  the story of an hour literary analysis essay â€Å"Clever Manka† and â€Å"The Story of an Hour† are alike in that they both have women as protagonist and they both involve a husband and a wife. They show how marriage could be the end of a women life or a beginning. Also, they show how women differently deal with life. The great difference is due to the different time and culture. â€Å"Clever Manka† which in Czechoslovakian culture proves women at that time were highly considered, appreciated, have rights. While, in â€Å"The Story of an Hour† shows how women were deprived, denied, devoiced, they weren’t offered a lot of opportunities such as men and they didn’t inherit money as all the money they get goes to either their husbands or any male member in the family. â€Å"The Story of an Hour† shows that marriage at that time was based on monetary comfort and social status. That leads to unhappy marriage and miserable life to the extent that a person might feel happy and free when his partner is  dead, as Mrs. Mallard felt when she heard that Mr. Mallard was dead. In â€Å"Clever Manka†, marriage is based on dual love and women’s desire is appreciated. We encounter two completely different women. The protagonist of â€Å"Clever Manka† her name is Manka and the protagonist of â€Å"The Story of an Hour† is Mrs. Mallard. They are different in many aspects even physically. The writer describes Mrs. Mallard as being afflicted with a heart trouble which shows that she is a sick and weak person, while Manka is young, clever and strong person. The title of Mrs. Mallard indicated that she was affiliated to her husband and she lost her identity. Her first name â€Å"Louise† is only mentioned after she heard of her husband’s death and when she felt free. Opposite to â€Å"Clever Manka† as Manka is called by her own name allover the story even after she was married. She is independent and wasn’t affiliated to either her father or her husband. Also, men characters in the two short stories are opposite. Men in â€Å"Clever Manka† are represented by the burgomaster who is very young and not-experienced and the farmer. They are incapable of facing any challenge as the burgomaster can’t solve the problem of the farmer and the shepherd, so he put them a riddle which the farmer can’t solve. On the other hand, in â€Å"The Story of an Hour†, we encounter Mr. Mallard who is completely opposite to the male characters in â€Å"Clever Manka† as he was very domineering character. He has always made decisions for Louise and lived her life for her. Men in both short stories tried to bend their wives’ will. In â€Å"Clever Manka†, the burgomaster started his life with Manka Trying to force limitations on her cleverness which indicates that he was afraid of her cleverness and afraid it will highlight his being not-experienced. As well as â€Å"The Story of an Hour†, it is obvious that Mr. Mallard was a domineering character and tried to bend louise’ will. Women’s response to their husband’s control and domination differs in the two short stories. In â€Å"Clever Manka†, when Manka interferes in the burgomaster’s business, it was out of inner feeling of shame and injustice because of her husband decision. She couldn’t stand helpless when she realized how inexperienced he was. This means that the precondition he put for her couldn’t bend her will. That shows that Manka didn’t surrender despite of the precondition that might destroy her life. In â€Å"The Story of an Hour†, Mrs. Mallard ability to resist the suppression practiced upon her was very little and short. She gave her husband the chance to have the upper hand in her life. The person is the one who decides whether he wants to live freely or not. If he wants to, he will not surrender to any person or under any condition. The pressure practicing on women would lead to one of two; either the woman will resist and become a victor, or easily surrender and become a victim.

Choroidal Neovascular Membrane Associated with Sildenafil

Choroidal Neovascular Membrane Associated with Sildenafil CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULAR MEMBRANE ASSOCIATED WITH SILDENAFIL Â  Erectile dysfunction is an important problem among men aged 40 years and older. More than half of all men in this broad age group experience some degree of erectile dysfunction. Thus, the provision of an orally administrated efficacious treatment in the form of sildenafil represents a major therapeutic advantage.(1) Choroidal neovascular membrane (CNV) is ultimately the result of a break in a structural layer beneath the retina known as Bruch’s membrane, which separates the nourishing vascular layer called the choroid from the retina. A break in Bruch’s membrane may allow the ingrowth of vessels from the choroid to a position just beneath the retina.(2) Ocular side effects are not uncommon when sildenafil is used. Minor side effects include pupillary dilation, conjunctival injection (redness), sensitivity to light (photophobia), and dryness. Visual function studies in healthy subjects and in patients with eye disease suggest that sildenafil does not affect visual acuity, visual fields, and contrast sensitivity. Transient, mild impairment of color discrimination can occur around the time of peak plasma levels.(3-7) The purpose of the present case report is to describe a patient who developed CNV after ingestion of Sildenafil for erectile dysfunction. CASE REPORT The patient was a 53-year old male who presented with a blurred and loss of vision in the right eye. His physical examination did not reveal any significant signs. The patient was fit and healthy otherwise and had no history of glaucoma, diabetes, hypertension, or other systemic vascular disease. Visual acuity was 4/10 in the right eye and 10/10 in the left eye. Anterior segment examination was normal. Fundus examination of the right eye revealed that the macula upper temporal quadrant was characterized by hemorrhagia and an elevated area (Figure 1A), the left eye revealed an atrophic area outside the macula. The FA of the patient revealed an area of bright hyperfluorescence in the early phase and leaks in the late phase (Figure 1B). A diagnosis of CNV was made. Argon laser photocoagulation was applied on the right eye. The patient did not suffer until 6 months after the laser application and the visual acuity in the right eye had increased up to 9/10. However, 6 months after the las er application, the patient noted loss of vision in the right eye. Argon laser photocoagulation was applied again. The control FA of the patient did not reveal a leakage of the scar on the right eye (Figure 2). The visual acuity of the patient was 10/10 bilaterally and he didn’t reveal any complaints. After 3 years, the patient was referred to our clinic with blurred and loss of vision in the left eye and when the patient underwent rigorous historical questioning, he noted that all his complaints were revealed with the use of 50 mg sildenafil. He said that he had taken 50 mg sildenafil before his complaints were revealed. His visual acuity was 10/10 in the right eye and 4/10 in the left eye. The FA revealed CNV and photodynamic therapy and intravitreal anti-VEGF injection were applied to his left eye (Figure 3). DISCUSSION In this study we present a patient with CNV associated with sildenafil use. CNV is ultimately the result of a break in a structural layer beneath the retina known as Bruch’s membrane, which separates the nourishing vascular layer called the choroid from the retina. A break in Bruch’s membrane may allow the ingrowth of vessels from the choroid to a position just beneath the retina .2 These vessels may then leak fluid or blood, initially distorting or blurring vision, and may eventually lead to scarring in the macula and severe loss of central vision. CNV is associated with many diseases. The most common causes are age-related macular degeneration (AMD), presumed inflammatory and infectious conditions, myopic macular degeneration, trauma, angioid streaks and laser therapy, however many cases are idiopathic.(2) Sildenafil is a potent and selective inhibitor of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-specific phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5), an enzyme expressed throughout the smooth muscle of the vasculature.3 Through this mechanism, sildenafil potentiates the nitric oxide (NO)-cGMP pathway that mediates corpus cavernosum smooth muscle relaxation and thereby significantly improves penile blood flow. Basic science and clinical research have effectively documented the effects of sildenafil on the retinal and choroidal vasculature. Sildenafil also has a weaker inhibitory action on PDE6, located in the rod and cone photoreceptors. Modest, transient visual symptoms, typically blue tinge to vision, increased brightness of lights, and blurry vision, have been reported with sildenafil use and occur more frequently at higher doses. Visual function studies in healthy subjects and in patients with eye disease suggest that sildenafil does not affect visual acuity, visual fields, and contrast sensitivity.(5,6) Transient, mild impairment of color discrimination can occur around the time of peak plasma levels. However, we were not able to find any case of CNV associated with sildenafil use in the literature. Sildenafil induces angiogenic response in human coronary arteriolar endothelial growth factor (VEGF).(7) The same mechanism may be available on the retina and sildenafil may increase the levels of VEGF. This issue requires further studies and patients with CNV should be questioned about the use of sildenafil. Patients should consult with an ophthalmologist if there is any question about the health of their eyes prior to using sildenafil. REFERENCES Irwin Goldstei, Tom F. Lue, Harin Padma-Nathan et al. Oral sildenafil in the treatment of erectile dysfunction N Engl J Med 1998; 338:1397-1404 Bressler NM, Bressler SB, Fine SL. Age related macular degeneration. Surv Ophthalmol 1988;32:375-413. Michael F. Marmor, Robert Kesler. Sildenafil and Ophthalmology. Survey of Ophthalmology 1999;44:153-162. Alan M. Laties, Eberhart Zrenner. Viagra and Ophthalmology. Progress in Retinal and Eye Research. 2002;21:485-506 DÃ ¼ndar SO. Visual loss associated with erectile dysfunction drugs. Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology 2007;42(1):10-12 Zrenner E, Koppiker NP, Smith MD, Constable I, Littlewood R, Stuckey B. The effects of long-term sildenafil treatment on ocular safety in patients with erectile dysfunction. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2000;41:S592. Vidavalur R, Penumathsa SV, Zhal L. Sildenafil induces angiogenic response in human coronary arteriolar endothelial cells through the expression of thioredoxin, hemeoxygenase and vascular endothelial growth factor. Vascul Pharmacol. 2006;45:91-95. FIGURE FOR LEGENDS FIGURE 1A: Fundus examination of the right eye revealed that the macula upper temporal quadrant was characterized by hemorrhagia and an elevated area FIGURE 1B: The FA on the right eye of the patient revealed an area of bright hyperfluorescence in the early phase and leaks in the late phase FIGURE 2: The control FA of the patient did not reveal a leakage of the scar on the right eye after laser photocoagulation was applied. FIGURE 3: The FA on the left eye of the patient revealed an area of bright hyperfluorescence in the early phase and leaks in the late phase

Wedding Speech Delivered by the Groom :: Wedding Toasts Roasts Speeches

Wedding Speech Delivered by the Groom On behalf of my wife and I, I would like to start by thanking Leon for his kind words†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.easily the best $10 I ever spent†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.and I’d like to thank him on behalf of everyone here today for providing the wedding feast. I would also like to thank Leon and Mindy for welcoming me into their family and their kindness and friendship since I first met them, though obviously they didn’t know me at the time else they might have locked their daughter up to keep her safe from me! And on that note I would also like to thank them for providing me with my bride without whom today would have been slightly more difficult even though the best man did offer to stand in†¦...but that’s another story. So, Leon and Mindy, thank you from the bottom of my heart. I would like to thank my own mom and Ian for their support and assistance in making today happen and for welcoming Becky into our family. I would especially like to thank my mom, not only for always being there for me but also because she has tried many times to get Becky to back out of this wedding but she did a terrible job and it went ahead anyway. So thank you so, so much. I would also like to give extra special thanks to Bill and Sarah Fuckley. Without them showing me the way forward, giving such a brilliant example of how two people who love each other should move forward together, I know that I would not have been the happiest man in the world today. So, thanks to you too. I would like to thank everyone here for coming today. I would particularly like to extend a warm welcome to Gary Wilson, a mate from childhood, who came all the way from Bermuda and has asked me to tell you he is young, free, single and filthy rich, and to tell you all that it means a lot to us both that everyone that is important to us could be here not only to celebrate our wedding day but also so that some of you could meet your new relatives – and with that goes my apologies, especially to the children and people with weak hearts in case the particularly ugly ones are scaring you as much as they do me.

Hector Tobars The Tattooed Soldier Essay -- The Tattooed Soldier Essa

  Ã‚     Ã‚  Downtown Los Angeles is one of the busiest commercial centers in the United States. However, the city holds two groups of people in different economic level-the homeless and the working class. Hector Tobar frequently includes the landscape of the setting in downtown Los Angeles in The Tattooed Soldier. The novel is about two immigrants from Guatemala who have moved to Los Angeles. The protagonist, Antonio, takes a revenge on the antagonist, Longoria because he murdered Antonio's wife and son when he was a Guatemalan soldier. Tobar applies a number of metaphors to connect the buildings and freeways in downtown to Antonio's position in the city. Buildings, freeways, and shadows are metaphors for Antonio's economic and social status.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tobar uses description of buildings to reinforce Antonio's economic and social position in life. He informs the reader about the squat apartment buildings when the protagonist is on the way to a homeless camp, which have a significant contrast with the skyscrapers where Antonio observes later. Everyone can see the skyscrapers, but not many people know the existence of the short apartments. Tobar uses the invisibility of these apartments to reflect the inferiority of the protagonist in Los Angeles. Antonio's existence is the least significant as an illegal immigrant. He is seen as a parasite that is not accepted by the city. The apartment owner, Hwang, even forces him to leave with a call to the police (9). On the other hand, the auth...

It’s Time for Cities to Reject the Welfare Mentality :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

It’s Time for Cities to Reject the Welfare Mentality All over the nation-from New York to Los Angeles, from San Diego to Milwaukee-cities are on the rebound. Each successful city has accomplished its renaissance in its own particular way, with its own special twist. But if you look across the spectrum of flourishing cities, you can discern a clear set of principles that leads to urban health. To start with, there is a total rejection of the old municipal welfare state ideology, whose decades of failed policies led the nation's cities to the brink. Urban government, that idea went, was above all to achieve social justice and the uplift of the poor. It seemed to make sense: Cities always had big concentrations both of poor people to help and of wealth to tax. So cities piled on welfare benefits and social services, created huge bureaucracies to administer them, and taxed heavily to fund them. But things didn't work out as expected. With the information revolution, all those companies whose great skyscrapers made them look eternally rooted there no longer had to be in the cities to be near their suppliers, customers, or bankers. And global competition required them to get efficient and cut costs. No more could they justify paying high corporate income taxes, commercial rent taxes, inflated utility taxes. So the number of Fortune 500 companies headquartered in New York fell f rom 140 in 1947 to 31 now. And the new, smaller businesses that have generated all of the new jobs of the past decade or more never started up in many of the old cities. Result: A city like New York has created not one single net new job since World War II. Worse, the costly municipal welfare state turned out not to work. All the indicators are worse, not better, than when the whole rescue effort began. The inner city illegitimacy rate is way up, the urban high school graduation rate way down. The poverty rate hasn't dropped and, until the new-paradigm reforms, the welfare dependency rate had soared. All these billions of dollars made things worse, because, we learned, if communities don't make their citizens personally responsible for themselves and their families, but instead tell them they're victims, they will become dependent and demoralized. If the welfare state tells people that it's fine to have illegitimate children, that poverty excuses crime, that welfare payments are appropriate reparations for historical victimization, and that working in "dead-end" jobs for "chump change" is undignified-what can possibly result but illegitimacy, crime, welfare dependency, and non-work?

Marketing and Catering Services

Company Background SIDAH CATERING SERVICES has been established on 25 January 2003. The company was established to carry out the work of supplying cooked food, drinking water, food, raw, wet, dry, and Catering Services. CATERING SERVICES SIDAH registered with the Ministry of Finance Malaysia in 080100 (beverage), 080200 (wet raw food), 080300 (dried raw food), 0804000 (canned / bottled / sachet), 080501 (Islamic cooked food) .CATERING SERVICES SIDAH have faith and strength ION develop businesses in the future with the success obtained and are being or have been performing service work on Vision School Cafeteria USJ, Subang Jaya, Cafeteria Pharmaniaga, National School Cafeteria Sek. 7, Religious School Cafeteria Sec. 3, Diner School Setia Alam, Restaurant Sidah and some premises in other institutions. The company also undertakes catering services involving several government departments and private organizations. Vision and misson Vision Mision The Fundamental to our approach is our c ommitment to provide the most effective solution to the people.And it is easy as 1†¦2†¦3†¦ To become the most effective Services solution To provide a cost Reasonable and Quality Services solution to the community To provide a multi-featured professional way at a reasonable price to fulfill the satisfaction of the society needs. Strengths and weaknesses are internal factors. For example: A strength for a business could be: †¢a new, innovative product or service †¢location of your business †¢quality processes and procedures †¢any other aspect of your business that adds value to your product or service. A weakness could be: †¢lack of marketing expertise †¢location of your business poor quality goods or services †¢damaged reputation Opportunities and threats are external factors. For example: An opportunity could be: †¢a developing market such as the Internet. †¢mergers, joint ventures or strategic alliances †¢moving into new market segments that offer improved profits †¢a new international market †¢a market vacated by an ineffective competitor A threat could be: †¢a new competitor †¢price wars with competitors †¢a competitor has a new, innovative product or service †¢competitors have superior access to channels of distribution †¢taxation is introduced on your product or service

Maslow/Bandura/Skinner – How Current Practice Is Influenced by Them

Before you started activities in accession or buzz off pop of the closet(a) admission(prenominal) you consume to become into report card the sanctuary of completely tikeren and cater, ensuring that the environment is condom for the boorren and mental faculty to play without any hazards. Some of the factors which expect to taking into account when intend activities to see that the environment is healthy and strong atomic number 18 -Ratio of module to children to en convinced(predicate) that the activities in and out door is near and that in that respect is complete staff watching and abeting children. -Childrens health ask to chink that you are pose up activities to typeface everyone postulate and do sure that you take into account if you strike extra staff for well-nighbody of necessity. Risk judicial decision to be bump off before activities to sort out for sanctuary of exclusively children and staff to move in sure in that location ar e equipment is in force(p) for children and that the leave non bonk to any dispar maturate.IndoorWhen you are planning for a healthy and safe indoor environment runnerly you volition direct to identify sure a populate s make passs has been take for grantede and in that location is no hazard noniced in solar dayspring and to organise the room to make sentry go effectively, by ensuring t here is enough piazza for the number of children to move around easily and be comfortcap qualified. There should be inherent light with in the room to get word the children work without being uncomfortable. If this is not accomplishable that light sources should be used to help the children palpate comfortable. The level of noises should be at a level so you dont assume to shout and the somewhatbody you are communicating with undersurface attempt you. You occupy to take into account the unavoidably of anyone with a disability such(prenominal) as physical disability, senso ry impairment you leave need to set out activities to suit their needs as well. All activities should be set up arctic so there is not a hazard.OutdoorsWhen planning for healthy outdoor activities you forget need to make sure that the garden proof has been done and that you pull in another check before fit up activities. You go forth need to make sure that you digest preventive mat out for some activities so the children deposet harm themselves. The staff ratios needs to be ripe(p) so there is enough staff to assistance people with special needs and that you ensure that all children are safe. You need to make sure that all equipment is age appropriate to ensure that a child is self-assurance to dumbfound ago and feel safe. Wearing appropriate clothes you croup ask parent to bring in extra clothes and that the clothes there are violateing is satisfactory for the weather.wellness and safe is motioned and maintained by doing daily room and garden check and hazard min d on all equipment and doing fortune assessment when going on outing ensuring that is it safe for all staff and children. When we have blabber we make them sign in when arrived and make sure they sign themselves out when leaving, we have fervidness dismissal sign on all doors. When modern staff come to our lay management leave take them around the nursery to should them the harass government issue and entrust apologize what to do when the sunburn alarm goings off. We pull up stakes should them the health and safety policy so there eff what is required from them when at the set. 1.3 And 1.4There are umpteen different of sources to enable to plan for a health and safety environment or services. You can look in books on the internet, ask you work colleagues and look at you policy and procedures and you text book. Some of the counselling that you entrust sire on and in the above resources are Employee duty which is a policy making sure that setting is and safe and tha t your setting is displaying health and safety posters, that you are keeping staff and visitors safe. Health and safe executive (HSE) this covers all the expression of health and safety in all work environments and also provides guidance for those specifically working with children and new(a) people.Toys(C.E) kite label and lion marks to make sure there is age appropriate operate Making sure that all alter products are in a locked closet and high up out of chain of mountains from children, you need to list all products that whitethorn calls hazard (risk assessment) .Manual handlingAll staff at my setting has got a manual handling credentials and has read the policy. Manual handling is project in place to guide you to not injuries yourself it could be anything from lifting a children or pathetic equipment not bending your knee and your posture.RIDDORRiddor is a report of a serious blur, disease. The focal points we report a serious injury is we put all the lucubrate on an accident form with inform worry child name, what happened, where it was, date time, what we need to make go once against and we have to get a ripened member of staff to look at it and sign it, there will pass on to management who will put all details on an online form and inform necessary people. attack drillsMaking sure you crawl in what to do when the fire alarm goes off. Beware of all fire posters and know the route of fire exit read your fire procedures know where to go and remember signing in sheets and first aid kit.3.1 It is outstanding to take a balanced approach to keep children safe and from harm. At the same time I need to encourage them to experience risk and challenges. If you remove all risks from children lives we could be risking to throttle them from learning and experience things. Sometime risks need to be avoided and wouldnt be suitable in our role of caring for children and young people if we didnt protect them from these dangers (faulty galvanizing equipment is one example of danger) it is very distinguished to teach children to manage dangers and risks for themselves. Allowing children to take risk will build children self-esteem and confidence this will learn children about safety and how to access risk they also pull together responsibilities.3.2 It is key to deal with dilemma and making the rights choices to help children and young people. A child should be able to safely research and make decisions about risks with guidance from staff in setting. Children need to know how to reckon risk themselves by learning what safe boundaries are, by learning from staff. Staff should be showing and explaining how to recognise risks and dangers in the safest way possible. In the 2-3 room all children have free flow in and out the garden there are able to pick activities there would like to do. Staffs are around to guide them and to help them and explain any risk that may occur. Children may listen or may need reminding if you thi nk there are at risk offer your help and thence tell them the riskand danger there was in.3.3 Reflexing account J gets wooden blocks from social unit there was some small ones and some massive ones he verbalize I want to build a astronomical mainstay and push it over. C said to j you can build a big tower but you need to be fear that it does fall on yourself or your peers j said I am careful it will not fall over. C said do you want me to help you j replies no thanks I am big boy. J starts building a tower putting one on top of another he puts them on slow and the tower starts to big and looks wobbly c says it going to fall j so dont put more on it is very big now. J carrys on putting blocks on and it falls on the outrage and one falls on his keister j says that hurt me. C looks at j foot and he says it better now and begins to rebuild the tower again j says to c I am only going to build a little tower as it will not fall on me. J builds a little tower and stands up and c laps himself it didnt fall over yeah. EYMP 3Promote childrens welfare and well-being in the too soon years1. 1.1 Welfare requirement indoors my setting knowing safeguarding /admission/setting policies there should all be up to date. We moldiness take necessary step to ensure this we must(prenominal) promote good health of all children deep down our care and steps to prevent the spread of infection from others within our care take appropriate accomplishment (Milton room and contain). When children are ill we must be sure there suitable people and staffing levels to appropriate to ensure to all children.It is important that we are aware of aliment needs and plan healthy meals/snacks for children on some occasions give advice to parents such as healthy sustenance newsletters or leaflets. When serving food you need to wear gloves and an apron and be aware of potions sizes, this is important because children can become overweight. In my setting we have varies meals to suit the ne eds of the children e.g. vegetarian, food allergies. Every setting should have routines they should glitter the varying need all children within a group especially in term of sleep andrest.It is important how we prove the child such as providing new activities toys or simply encourage the child. The EYFS says it is important to work closely with parents, we can find out the needs of a child, you can also provide support and advise, sleep, dejection training and nutritions.1.2 My line of coverage Firstly I would write details down and then pass it to my senior would read it and ask any questions if needs she would pass on to the day care manager who is also healthy and safety manager and first aid.2. 2.2 *When child come into the setting the reception sign them into her testify then the reception opens the certification door and there parent walk into the room. In the 2-3 room will have a children self-register their picture are on the door outside and the children has to brin g their picture in to room and put on a sign that says I am here today. It is down to the parent to sign future(a) to their name what time they have dropped them out in to the room.This is also double check over my staff in room to make sure it has been done. *when a parent or carer comes to the setting there are greeted by reception before there can entry main build to collect, if psyche comes will dont know to collect a child we will ask for children password and if we have not been inform or someone different collecting children we would report this to out day manger to contact parent to confirm collecting no one is able to go and get a children will out reception opening security door. *

Dickens writes Oliver Twist Essay

demon creates generosity for Oliver and the separate orphans through out the counterbalance four chapters of the book. He does this by describing in depth the neglect, mistreatment and emotions of the children. There is a strong example of this at the end of the first chapter when Dickens writes Oliver cried lustily. If he could keep known that he was an orphan, left to the tender mercies of church-wardens and over countrs, perhaps he would have cried the louder. Oliver suffers dearly while living in the workhouse he is quite regularly made an example of. superstar of the occasions he is made an example of is when he is forced to ask for more gruel by the early(a) orphans. For doing this he is harshly beaten by trounce in front of the some other children and is then imprisoned. Oliver and the other orphans were beaten both mentally and physically, neglected and avid from birth, until either leaving the workhouse as slave laborers or dieing.Oliver is terrified of Mr.Gamfield he openly shows his emotion to the alone board of the workhouse when in chapter three he go to his knees, praying that they would order him back the room, that they would starve him, beat him, assassinate him. He prays for all of this rather than them send him by with Mr. Gamfield In the metre of workhouses the standard of living was ascend to none. The unwealthy basically had no choice to but to premise a workhouse. They would work for a roof and small(a) food. All of the people in the workhouse had to sleep on the hard floor and receive poor aesculapian attention.Overall the living condition were appalling, Charles Dickens uses derision to create a feeling of how bad the conditions where, a good example of this is that nearly every instalment of staff is overweight even them giving out the tiny amount of gruel to the orphans. Dickens attempts to create a feeling of pity for the orphans, by doing this we can see that he is trying to relive poverty, stop other people fro m going through what he went through. Dickens somehow manages to take a subject as important as poverty and put it crossways by using humor, and at the same time still manages to keep that feeling of seriousness.